What is Diabetes ? Symptoms of Diabetes. Why Diabetes Occurs? (Causes & Types) Risk of Diabetes to Family Members Treatment: Diet Therapy Treatment: Exercise Treatment: Medicines Treatment: Insulin What you should do when you are sick? Precautions During Travel Can Insulin be stopped? Newer Treatments Can Diabetes be cured? Yes in some Prevention of Diabetes  Diabetes during pregnancy How to Monitor Diabetes Control Complications of Diabetes  Impotency in Diabetes Preventions & Treatment of Complications

 Impotency in Diabetes

About 50% of diabetic patients with high blood sugar ultimately become impotent. It can occur at young age or old age. It occurs more frequently at older age & after many years of uncontrolled high blood sugar, but in some it can occur at younger age also. It is more common in patients with other associated complications as Nerve, Kidney or Heart involvement. In those in whom sugar is not well-controlled chances of developing impotency is more. It is also more in those who have hypertension & taking medicines for that & also in alcoholics & smokers. 

The causes for impotency in diabetes are as follows: - 

(i) Hormones Disorder (Deficiency of male hormones or increase in some inhibitory hormone as high prolactin & disorders of Thyroids can cause dysfunctions.
(ii) Decreased penile blood supply due to deposition of cholesterol in penile blood circulation or in arteries supplying blood to pennis.
(iii) Endothelial & smooth muscle disorders leads to decreased dilatation of penile vessels on genital stimulation so that blood is unable to reach in pennis thus full hardness is not achieved.
(iv) Involvement of penile nerve i.e. penile neuropathy. 
(v) Psychogenic factors as presence of depression or other psychiatric illness.
For detail investigation to diagnose the cause of disorder
 

DIAGNOSIS OF CAUSE OF IMPOTENCY

First step in proper treatment of  Dysfunctions (impotency) is accurate diagnosis of cause. So we first try to find out cause. We take detailed history, thorough  counseling, physical examination, examination of nerves and penile arterial examination. After that depending on likelihood of particular, cause relevant tests are done. All testing facilities are available at our centre. Thus you may consult us at our centre & at same time you may get all tests done. The time taken in getting all the reports ready is 36 hours. So if you are from out of Delhi, you may come here for two days.

DETAILED HISTORY: We take detail history about the onset of dysfunction i.e. whether it started Sudden or gradual, Primary or Secondary, Erections at other occasions, Response to previous therapy, Libido, Stress (physical or mental), H/O precipitation by some drugs, presence of Hypertension, Ischemic Heart Disease, claudication, trauma, DM, Sec. Genital Characters, Hypothyroidisms,  Hyperthyroidisms & Galactorrhoeas, Symptoms of sensory loss, epilepsy, Liver/Renal failure. 

EXAMINATION OF GENITALS:
We examine whether Genital Development is adequate or subnormal. For this testis size is measured by orchidometer (if patient is outstation then by ultrasound of testis), Pennis Length & girth is measured by phallometer. Galactorrhoea & features of other hormone disorder are checked up. Blood supply of pennis is assessed by, palpating dorsal penile artery of pennis. Nerves of pennis examined by V. P. sensation testing, Deep Tendon reflexes & Bulbocavernosal reflexes. Then other systems are examined. 

INVESTIGATIONS i.e. DIAGNOSTIC TESTS:

At our centre we have all the facility for complete investigation of various causes of Erection difficulties & other  problems. So we perform following tests, step by step depending on their need based on history & examination. 

The various diagnostic tests needed/performed are as follows: - 

Step- I: Hormone Testing: There are two types of hormones in body some stimulates penile hardness whereas there are other hormones which inhibit penile stiffness. 
Male & Female  hormones & other associated Hormones are tested by latest-immunoassay techniques. These hormones includes total Testosterones, free testosterones, Prolactins, LH, FSH, T3, T4, TSH others as Cortical, E2, Free testosterones SHBG etc.. Among above tests relevant hormones are tested in that particular patient. Results are available in 36 hours. In the hormone testing either stimulatory  hormones may be low leading to less erection or those hormones which are inhibitory may be high leading toi inhibition of penile erection. These hormones are tested by taking blood sample from forearm. When we find out any of above hormone disorder simply correction of these hormone disorders corrects the dysfunctions in two months time. 
Blood glucose & other systemic test may be required depending on the need.

Step I1: Penile Blood Supply Testing: 
This test is done to decide whether impotency is due to decreased blood supply to pennis or disorders of nerves or due to some other causes. This test is also called PIPE (Pharmacological induced penile erection) test.
In this test we examine the dorsal pennis artery & veins after giving the various Vasodilators either orally or as injectable, also we asses whether pennis is getting full hard or not after vasodilator use, how long hardness is persisting in response to theses vasodilators. If pennis is not becoming fully hard or not staying hard for at least fifteen minutes even after adequate dose of vasodilators then cause of impotency is inadequate blood supply to pennis or due to leakage of blood out of pennis due to venous leak. If pennis is getting full hard and staying longer than fifteen minutes then cause is nerves of pennis are not functioning or some other cause. There are two types of blood supply disorders are found on blood supply testing.

The first pattern is suggestive of penile arterial blockade in which blood does not flows in pennis from blood circulation due to block in arterial supply of pennis. This obstruction in vascular supply is diagnosed by above mentioned blood supply test in which after giving blood flow medicine we find that there is increase in blood flow in arteries of pennis is less than normal with resultant absence of achievement of full hardness of pennis for sufficient time. This test is very simple to perform if the concerned doctor is well trained & experienced. This is an O. P. D. procedure & takes approximately 30 minutes to perform the test. We do these tests daily at our centre as we have all the required instruments to do these tests. Once we diagnose that there is decreased blood supply to pennis then we find out the cause of this inadequate blood flow. 
Once the cause of decreased blood supply is diagnosed then treatment becomes very easy with virtually full chances of permanent cure.

Second pattern found on blood supply testing is Leakage of blood out of pennis back into circulation after initial full erection (also known as Veno-occlusive dysfunction): In this defect, blood flows from circulation to pennis normally but due to continuous leak of blood out of pennis due to defect in penile valves whose job is to stop the leakage of blood out of pennis, enough pennis hardness is either not achieved or even if pennis becomes fully hard it become loose there after due to leakage of blood out of it. When we do blood supply testing, in this disorder there is good blood flow in arteries of pennis through out study, but there is continuous leakage of blood is seen through valves of penile veins. 

Step-3: N.P.T. MONITORING: Penile Erection assessment at night (called as nocturnal penile tumescence) is done by Rigiscan device (it measures penile rigidity & diameter) to differentiate between impotency of psychogenic origin or due to some internal cause. If N.P.T. monitoring shows Normal results it means impotency is Psychogenic, if results are impaired means impotency is due to some internal cause. 

Step 4: DUPLEX SCANNING: (Doppler & ultrasound scanning before & after vasodilator use) In this Testing with use of vasodilator drugs/Duplex vascular scanning is done to decide which type of problem patient is suffering, accordingly treatment is prescribed. It assesses arterial diameter & blood flow status. It helps in differentiating & pinpointing the cause of impotency i.e. whether it is arterial or venous cause & what is the specific cause, of that problem so that it can be treated properly.

Step 5:  Counseling: After detail discussion with our male & female  therapist, we try to finds out the root cause of  problem then we treat accordingly. For counseling we take detail history of Genital development, his thoughts, his misconception about , his old experience in , his unconscious fears about . This counseling session unravels all the hidden psychological causes of Genital inadequacy.

Step 6: Other tests (If required)

1) Penile Nerve Testing: By conduction and sensory testing (NCV, EMG & VPT). 
2) Psychoanalysis: To find different factor leading to psychogenic impotency.
3) Functional Studies: To see the penile response in provocation to various drugs.
5) Arteriography:  It is a Specialized X-Ray of pennis before arterial opening i.e. opening of the blockade surgery. In this test a drug (dye) is infused which detects whether block is situated , whether it is localized or diffused. Once we localized the obstruction & its cause, then we decide whether it can be cured through medicine or surgery. 
6) Cavernosometry & cavernosography (before venous leak surgery).
 

TREATMENT OF DYSFUNCTIONS

After diagnosing the cause of impotency, we prescribe medicines that patient has to purchase himself from any medical store The success of various drugs we use in dysfunction depends on accurate diagnosis of cause. If empirical treatment is prescribed as most doctors do, it often does not achieves permanent cure. These  tonics & ayurvedic medicines can improve your Genital life temporarily but they cannot give permanent cure. Thus please get yourself fully investigated before starting treatment. 

The various treatment option for patient with impotency are:

1) Hormone Therapy
2) Medicines to increase blood supply to pennis (Oral & Local Gels)
3) Viagra & like drugs
4) Therapy 
5) Vacuum Erection Pumps 
6) Injection therapy
7) Penile Blood Supply increasing Surgery
8) Penile Hardness Increasing Implants (Penile prosthesis)

(1) Hormone Therapy:

Hormone therapy is given to cure the problem whatever defect is found.

Hormones Therapy: Depending on the type of hormone disorder i.e. whether male  hormones decreased or inhibitory hormones has increased, Hormone therapy is directed towards that. Hormone therapy usually cures the Hormone problem in 2 to 3 months time and they do not have any adverse effects as they given to only those patients in whom some hormone disorder is found.
The various hormone preparations & their route of administration are: 
1. Oral testosterone preparations that is available in capsule form. It needs to be given one to three capsules daily. These have no side effects. 

2. Transdermal Testosterone given as scrotal patch. It is very effective & has no side effects. It can be also given as Testosterone gel, which can be applied on any part of the skiin. 

3. Sublingual Testosterone cyclodextrin is now available which is very fast acting & very effective is fast & has better effects on  organs. 

4. Local application of D.H.T. gel is new preparation for male hormone replacement. It is very effective without any side effects. 

5. Injection Testosterone esters these includes Testosterone enanthate & testosterone cypionate given intramuscular injections every 10 to 14 days. 
6. New human androgen receptor modulators they increase the effect of male hormone over androgens sensitive organs. 

7) DHEAS tablets are available which are effective & has no side effects.
8)Treatment of hyperprolactinemia with cabergoline & Bromocriptine is done with quick cure of Genital dysfunctions.

(2) Medicines to increase blood supply to pennis: (oral & local gel)

Medical treatment (i.e. prescription of various drugs to increase blood supply to pennis, nerve rejuvenating etc are given to correct the basic cause found on investigations.
These drugs open the blockade of penile arteries so that blood flows into pennis increases and pennis becomes fully hard. The various drugs, which are effective to increase penile blood supply, are as follows. The particular drug needed in particular patient depends on the cause of dysfunctions.
Oral Drugs: The various oral drugs are: 

a. Yohimbine: By acting on alpha-receptors it dilates the penile blood supply. It is one of the common drug used for increasing penile blood supply. It is freely availalable as oral tablet. 
b. Phentolamine: is also a good drug to increase blood flow in the pennis. The effect of this drug increases manifold when it is used along with other commonly used vasodilators. It is used as oral, sublingual tablets. In advance cases it is given as injectable also. 
c. Sublingual apomorphine is very effective in increasing penile blood supply. 
d. Trazadon works on  centre & increase penile blood supply.
e Oral Prostaglandin. 

f Nalaxone
g Gene Therapy: In this modality of treatment blood supply to pennis is increased by gene therapy. By the introduction new genes in body the generation of penile blood increasing substance nitric oxide generation increases in penile blood tissue leading to more blood supply & hardness of pennis. This is a slow process takes longer time to have effect but once the effect starts coming the results are permanent. Thus it achieves the cure of impotency. This is effective & achieves permanent cure of impotency

3) Local Application of Gels / Drugs

a. MUSE is per urethral use of PGE1. In this medicated pellet is inserted into the Urethra. After insertion pennis becomes hard with in 20 minutes. This hardness lasts for up to 60 minutes. 
b. Topical preparations of papaverine 
c. Topical preparations of prostaglandin E1 
d. Vasoactive intestinal peptide
e. Local application of Minoxidil
f. Local application of Nitroglycerine
g. Local application of l-arginic acid

4) Viagra & Like drugs

These drugs are good but temporary method of treatment because it does not treats the basic cause of  problem. These drugs belong to following the groups:

Sildenafil,( Viagra, penegra, caverta) : one tablet works for 4 hours.

Tadalafil (Cialis, tadalis, megalis ) : one tablet works for 24 hours.

Vardenafil (Levitra): one tablet works for 6 hours. 

It is a temporary therapy. After consumption of this tablet, patient gets hardness only temporarily. Once this tablet is consumed, the blood flow into pennis increases & pennis becomes fully hard in many patients. But this is an effective short-term treatment but it does not cures the basic problem. It also has certain side effects & many deaths have been reported after its use if not used with proper precaution. Thus it should not be consumed without the advise of experts. There need to have detailed physical examination before one is prescribed Viagra. So never take it without expert advise.
Dose used is 25 mg to maximum of 100mg. It should be taken 60 minutes before Genital intercourse.
5. Detailed  Education: In this patient is explained in detail about what is normal physiology of erection and what we can do in our daily life to increase strength & staying it hard for longer time. Also we educate the patient how to satisfy the women so that she gets satisfactory orgasm and considers you a wonderful partner.

(5)  Therapy: 

Once we found out the cause we treat internal causes like hormone disorder & decrease penile blood supply. But even after treating above basic primary causes of impotency, Many times patients still do not recovers fully because of his fear of failure, Genital performance anxiety and spectatoring attitude. These secondary factors do not allow him to function normally. For cure of these secondary problem patient needs details  therapy. Basic purpose of this exercise is to make patient free of any fear of Genital performance. After this exercises all performance anxiety disappears. In  therapy the patient is taught various exercises & how to use various body part in particular way so that erection become good, sustained & patient does not have any fear. Normally in six to eight sittings patient's all fear disappears.  therapy is a very effective in impotency, premature ejaculation. Thus we advise all of our patients not to hurry, and take few sessions of  therapy sittings for permanent cure.

(6) Vacuum Pump Devices 

Vacuum Pump Devices is a small instrument, application of it on pennis, makes pennis fully hard within three minutes. With this instrument patient does not have to consume any medicine. So it has no side effect.
(By this device a vacuum of > 100 mm of Hg is created around pennis leading to Pooling of blood in pennis resulting in full hardness).
Efficacy: Approximately 80% of patients get full erection & satisfied. 

(7) Injection Therapy

The various drugs used as injections are 
Injection of papaverine, ProstaglandinE1, & Phentolamine is used alone or in combination (bimix or trimix). This is a very effective mode of treatment of impotency. The dose of papaverine is 5mg. to 60mg. at one time. It work in 15 minutes & patient gets very hard erection, which lasts for at least thirty minutes. It is very good especially for those who fear that they may fail during . So that by taking this injection they can perform without fear & with hundred percent guarantee of success. It is a quiet popular form of treatment among boys & young adults. Especially for those, who have severe fear for failure for the first night or when expecting Genital encounter with a new partner. 
Response - Success is achieved in approximately 90% patients. 
Injection of ProstaglandinE1: dose used is 10 to 20 mg at one time .It is very effective with virtually no side effects.
Injection of Phentolamine normally it is used in combination with papaverine or Phentolamine.
Inj. Of Moxisylyte: available by the name of injection Erecnos.
Inj. of Vasoactive Intestinal Polypeptide: available by the name of injection Invicorp.

Treatment of underlying cause: When some underlying cause as diabetics, depression, high blood pressure (hypertension), or use of drug is diagnosed is treated accordingly. 

(8) Surgical Treatment 

Surgical treatment is suggested only when all the above mode of therapy namely hormone therapy, blood supply increasing tablets, Viagra like drugs, &  therapy has failed.

(9) Penile blood supply increasing surgery:

After investigations when it is diagnosed that blood supply is decreased. In majority of patient's blood supply can be normalized by many of the medicines as mentioned above, which have capacity to correct the vascular disorders. But in some cases surgery is required.
Before surgery for vascculogenic impotency, exact site of blockade is localized by Arteriography.
The various surgeries are as follows: 
a) Arterial Recanalization surgery: After localizing the block, we open the blocked part of artery by vascular microsurgery, this is called recanalization vascular surgery. This is commonly done in younger patients.
b) Arterial bypass surgery: When we find that there is blockade in broad segment of dorsal penile artery then such a long segment can not be recanalized. In such cases we bypass the blocked portion of the artery by use of other inferior epigastric artery. In this normal artery is connected with pennis artery distal to blocked artery so that blood flow normalizes.
c) Venous leak surgery: As we have mentioned above leakage of blood from pennis to back into body in mid of erection is one of the cause of impotency. In this surgery the leaking veins is localized first by venography (cavernasometry & cavernosography). After localization of those veins through which blood is leaking are ligated i.e. tied. Thus venous leak stops & pennis starts becoming full rock like hard & patient Genital problem normalizes. For this surgery we keep patient admitted for one day only. 
At our centre our micro vascular surgeon is very expert in doing all above surgeries. In this surgery artery in which blockade is present is either opened or blocked area is bypassed by use of other artery so that blood Supply to pennis is established. Result is very good when candidate for surgery is properly selected. This operation needs expertise. It is done under the guidance of operating microscopes. 

(10) Penile Hardness Increasing Implants (Penile prosthesis): 

There are some patients in whom blood supply increasing surgery is not possible. Thus penile implant is a good treatment in all those patients in whom cure is not possible inspite of all above treatments. In such cases we put intrapenile implants. After these surgery patient can resume his normal Genital functions.
There are two kinds of implants:
a) Malleable i.e. semi rigid implants:
b) Inflatable implants: Now days this implant is more in use as penile hardness is very good above all it may remain erect for longer time. This surgery takes approximately 30 minute by our surgeon. 

There are certain penile implants which when applied into pennis then its hardness become very hard. 

Beginning of Diabetes 

>>

Short Stature

We get patients from all major cities in India & Abroad . In the following cities all the facilities for investigation & treatments including medicines are available as Delhi (North, South, East, Central, West, New Delhi), Ghaziabad, Faridabad, Noida, Gurgaon, Meerut, Saharanpur, Dehradun, Ferozepur , Aurangabad, Manesar, Rewari, Pataudi, Rohtak, Bahadurgarh,Bombay,  Bhiwani, Karnal, Panipat , Ambala, Ludhiana, Amritsar, Batala, Gurdaspur, Jalandhar, Patiala, Chandigarh, Calcutta,  Ferozepur Simla, Manali, Jammu, Udhampur, Poonch, Rajouri, Srinagar, Kargil, Aligarh, Mathura, Etawah, Lucknow, Kanpur, Allahabad, Varanasi, Kashi, Faizabad, Bareilly, Moradabad, Rampur., Dehradun, Uttarkashi, Meerut, Sitapur, Mathura,  Madras, Pilibhit, Nainital, Almora, Agra, Ferozabad, Jhansi, Alwar, Jaipur, Dausa, Ajmer, Beawar, Pali, Bhilwara, Chittorgarh, Kota, Dholpur, Churu, Ratangarh, Sikar, Bikaner, Jodhpur, Jalore, Rajkot, Porbandar, Jamnagar, Dwarka, Junagadh, Surendranagar, Bhav Nagar, Ambala, Ahmedabad, Gandhi Nagar, Godhra, Vadodara, Surat, Bilmora, Navasari, Mumbai, Sonapur, Kalbadevi, Girgaon, Dadar, Mahim, Dharavi, Juhu, Andheri, Kurla, Sahar, Pune, Thane, Palghar, Panaji, Panvel, Solapur, Pandharpur, Ahmednagar, Satara, Kolhapur, Ichalkaranji, Kalyan, Nasik, Dhule, Bhir, Nagpur, Bhandara, Amraoti, Khandwa, Indore, Ujjain, Ratlam, Mandsaur, Bhopal, Vidisha, Sagar, Guna, Shivpuri, Gwalior, Jabalpur, Bhilai, Raipur, Hyderabad, Zahirabad, Suryapet, Guntakal, Chittoor, Tirupati, Tirumala, Nandyal Vijayawada, Guntur, Goa,  Tenali, Nellore, Visakhapatnam, Vellore, Bangalore, Banglore, Ulsoor, Mysore, Srirangapatna, Hassan, Mangalore, Udupi, Manipal, Davanagere, Shimoga, Dharwad, Hubli, Bellary, Hospet, Bijapur, Belgaum, Chennai, Chengalpattu, Pondicherry, Tiruvannamalai, Kumbakonam, Thanjavur, Tiruchirappalli, Palani, Madurai, Sivakasi, Tirunelveli, Ambasamudram, Tenkasi, Nagercoil, Kanchipuram, Salem, Erode, Tirupur, Coimbatore, Pollachi, Kanyakumari, Ernakulam, Trivandrum, Calicut, Kottayam, Calcutta, Howrah, Purulia, Darjeeling, Siliguri, Gangtok, Bhubaneswar, Puri, Rourkela, Guwahati, Shillong, Imphal, Kohima, Agartala, Patna, Gaya, Bokaro, Jamshedpur, Ranchi, Madhubani.

We also get patients from following major cities of the world as Aalborg, Abadan, Abidian, Abudhabi, Abuja, Acapulco, Addis,  Ababa, Adelaide, Agadir, Agana, Ahvaz, Akueryai, Al Ain, Al Khobar, Alaska, Aleppo, Alexandria,       Alexandroupolis, Algiers, AlicanteAll, Areas, All Parts, All parts, Alma-Ata, Almada, AlofiAmatitlan, Ambato, Amman, Amsterdam, Andorra, Andrup, Ankara, AntanarivoAntigua, Antwerp, Apia, Aqaba, Areqioca, Arusha, Ashghabat, Asmara, Assab, Assuncion, Atbara, Athens, Auckland, Augra  Do Heroism Bacolod, Badalona, Baghdad, Baku, Bamako, Bander seribegaw, Bangkok, Barcelona, Barranquilla, Basseterre, Bedzin, Beijing, Belfast, Belgrade, Belize, Bengui, Benha, Benina, Bergen, Berlin, Bern, Bethlehem, Bhutan, Bimini, Birmingham, Bisho, Bissau, Bizerta, Bobo Dioulasso, Bogra, Bonaire, Bonn, Boras, Brasilia, Bratislava, Brazov, Brazzavila, Bremen, Bridgetown, Brisbane, Bristol, charest, Budape  st Buenos Aires, Bujumbura, Bulawayo, Bundung, Burgas, Buzau, Caacupe, Cairo, Cali, Canberra, Cap Haitien, Cape Town, Carecas, Castries, Cebu, Chengdu, Chicago, Chiclayo, chittagong, Christchurch, Christmas Island, CocosKeeling Island, Cologne, Colombu, Conakry, Conception, Contonou, Copenhagen Cordaba,  Cork, Coroval, Corprivertion, Craiova, Cuenca, Cumana, Curacao, Dacca, Dakar, Damascus, Damman, Dangregia, Dar Es Salaam, Defeera, Derbrecen, Dewaniya, Diego Suarez, Diriamba, Djibouti, Doha, Dramman, Dubai, Dublin, Durban, Dushanbe, Dusseldort, El Salvador, Entebbe, Erevan, Equitorial Guinea, Fade N'Gorma, Falun, Faroe Islands, Fes, Franarantsoa, Frankfurt, Freeport, Freetown, French Guiana, Frunze.Ft de France, Fujairah,  Gaborone, Garbrovo, Genda, Geneva, George Town, Georgetown, Ghent, Gibraltar, Glasgow, Gonaives, Gondomar, Granada Grand Beirut, Graz,Guadalajara, Guautemala City, Guayaquil, Gyongyas, Hajja, Hamar, Hamburg, Hamilton, Havana, Halsinki, Ho Chi Milk City, Hodeidah, Homs, HongKong, Honiara, Honolulu, Houston, Hyvinkaa, Ibadan, Ikeja, Incheon, Industira, Invercargill, Isfahan, Islamabad, Island tuvalu, Istanbul, Jakarta, Janawa, Jeddah, Jerusalam, Jimma, Jinia, Johannesburg, Jaba, Kaduna, Kampala, Kaoshiung, Karachi, Karor, Kathmandu, Khartoum, Khon Kean, Khulna, Kiev, Kigalibad, Kingston, Kingstown, Kismayo, kitwe, Kobe, Kolding, Kosice, Koudougou, Kowloon, Kristianstav, Kula Belait, Kuala Lumpur, Kuantan, Kumasi, Kuwait, Kyoto, La Paz, Lady Ville, Lea, Lagos, Lahore, Lahti, Larissa, Las Palmas, Lattaquieh, Leeds, Leipzig, Librevilla, Lima, Limassol, Linden, Lisbon, Liverpool, Ljubl-iana, Lome, London, Los Angeles, Luanda, Lubumbashi, Lugazi, Lungi, Lusaka, Luxembourg, Macao, Madani, Madrid, Majuro, Maldonado, Male, Malmo, Managua, Manama, Mancheter, Manila, Mansoure, Manta, Maputo, Maracay, Marrakech, Maseru, Mashad, Mayotte, Mbabane, Mbale, Medan, Medlin, Melbourne, Mendoza, Mexico city, Miami, Micronesia, Milano, Misrata, Mmabatho, Mogadiscio, Mombassa, Monrovia, MonteCarlo, Monterrey, Monte-video, Montreal, Moscow, Mosule, Mulanje, Mumbai, Muscat, Mutare, Mwanza, Nabeul, Naestved, Nagozi, Nairobi, Najat, Nanjing, Nassau, Nastriya, Nazareth, Ndjamena, New Amsterdam, New-York, Niamey, Nicosia, Norrkoping, Nottingham, Nouakehott, Noumea, Nukualofa, Oklahoma City, Omdurman, Oradea, Orodtheab, Oruro, Osaka, Oslo, Ostrava, Ottawa, Ouagadougu, Oulu, Panama-City, Paralimni, Paramaribo, Paris, Paysandu, Perth, peshawar, Philadelphia, Pingtung, Piraeus, Piura, Pl Villa, Plazen, Plovdiv, Plymouth, Poneloya, Port Au Prince, PortSaid, Port-Sudan, Potosi, Prague, Praia, Pretoria, Pt Lousi, Pt of Spain, Pt.Stanley, Pte Apitre, Pusan, pyongyang, Rabat, Ramalla, Rarstonga, Rawalpindi, Reykyavik, Riga,Rio De Janeiro, Riyadh, Road Town, Rodriquez Islands, Rome, Rosario, Roseau, Rota, Rotterdam, Rzeszow, Saba, Sabh, Sailburg, Salta, Samoa-American, San Francisco, San Jose, San Marcos, San Marino, San pablo, Sandnes, San-Jaun, Sanna, Senta Cruz(Graciosa), Santa Cruz, Santiago, Santo Doming, Sao Paulo, SaoTome Island, Semarang, Seoul, Serrekunda, Sert, Sfax, Shangai, Shariah, Singapore, Skopie, Sofia, Sopot, ST.Denis, St.Georges, St.Helena, St.Johns, St.Pitterbuze, Stockholm, Strydom Airport, Stuttgart, Suphanburi, Suva, Sydney, Szekesfehervar, Taegu, Taichung, Tainan, Taipei, Taiz, Tallinn, Tamatave, Tampere, Tanga, Tashkent, Tavira, Tbilisi, Tegucigalpa, Tehran, Tel-Aviv, Tema, Temburong, Teneriffe, The Hague, The Valley, Thessaloniki, Thohoyandou, Thomwood, Thonbiri, Thyolo, Timisoara, Tirane, Titograde, Tokyo, Toronto, Tripoli, Tsumeb, Tunisi, Turks Caicos, Tutong, Ulan-Batar, Vaduz, Valetta, Valparasio, Vancouver, Vatican City, Victoria, Victoria Falls, Vienna, Vientiana, Vigo, VilaDOporto, Villa Nueva, Villarica, Vilua, Vina Del Mar, Volgagrad, W.Berlin, Wallis & Futuna Island, Warsaw, Washington Dc, Wellington, Windhoele, Yaounde, Yaren, Yokohama, Yundum, Zagreb, Zahle, Zurich.

 At these places all the facilities for investigation & treatments are available.

At our center / centre / clinic / clinics / hospital / hospitals doctors are dedicated for latest & scientific treatment of these diseases.

Autoimmunity markers:

Acetyl Choline Receptor Antibodies 2350, Anti GAD antibody 2200, APA profile 3000, ASKA-Skeletal Muscle(Striated Muscle) Antibody, 1500, ASMA-Smooth Muscle Antibody, serum 990, Beta-2-glycoprotein I • IgG, serum (Phospholipid) 495, Beta-2-glycoprotein I • IgM, serum (Phospholipid) 495, Cardiolipin +Beta2 gycoprotine 1 -IgG 495, Cardiolipin +Beta2 gycoprotine 1 -IgM 495, Cardiolipin Antibody-IgG, serum 395, Cardiolipin Antibody-lgM. Serum 395, Gastric Parietal Cell Antibody, serum 900, GBM - Antibody to Glomerular Basement Membrane, serum   900, Gliadin - IgA antibodies 770, Gliadin - IgG antibodies 770, Endomysial Antibody 1400, Insulin antibody 680, Intrinsic factor antibody, serum 950, Islet cell antibody, serum 1500, TPO-Thyroid Peroxidase (Microsomal) Antibody litre, serum 360, LKM1 -Antibodies to Liver Kidney Microsomes, serum 900, Microsomal (TPO) Antibody litre, serum 360, Mitochondrial (M2) Antibody , serum 760

Different Hospitals in india are: Moolchand Health Care, St. Stephen’s Hospital, Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Hospital, G.B Pant Hospital, Lok Nayak Hospital, RG Stone Urological Reasarch Institue, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, Jeevan Hospital, Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Hospital, Orthonova Hospital, Batra Hospital, Sahi Hospital, Indraprastha Apollo Hospitals, Holy Faimly Hospital, Jeevan Mala Hospital, Jaipur Golden Hospital, Lady Harding Hospital, Smt. Sucheta Kriplani Hospital, Mata Chanan Devi Hospital, Safdarjung Hospital, Mohindra Hospital, M.P Heart centre Hospital, Bara Hospital, Hindu Rao Hospital, Holy Angels Hospital, Shankar Hospital, Holy Family Hospital, Chopra Hospital, Escorts Hospital St. Stephen's Hospital, Vardaan Hospital, Visitech Eye Hospital, Vardhman Mahavir Medical College, Safdarjung Hospital, Lok Nayak Jai Prakash (LNJP) Hospital, Private Hospital, Guru Teg Bahadur Hospital, Kalra Hospital,  Bangalore Baptist Hospital, Bowring Hospital, B W Lions Eye Hospital, Bangalore Hospital, Bangalore Children's Hospital, Genesis Hospital, Lakeside Hospital, M G A Hospital, Mallya Hospital, Manipal Hospital, Sindhi Charitable Hospital, Yellamma Dasappa Hospital,  Sir Harkisandas Narottamdas Hospital, Prince Alikhan Hospital, Saifee Hospital, Breach Candy Hospital, Jaslok Hospital, Habib Ismail Hosptal, Kalajyot Hospital, Motiben Dalvi Hospital, Bombay Hospital, Corwest Jain Clinic Group of Hospitals, D.S. Kothari Hospital, Lotus Hospital, Elizabeth Hospital, Bhatia Hospital, The Bomanji Dinshaw Petit Parsee Hospital, Cumbala Hill Hospital, Noor Hospital, K.B. Haji Bachoali Charitable Ophthalmic & ENT Hospital, Bai Jerbai Wadia Hspital, Nawroji Wadia Maternity Hospital, Wadia Hospital, Yerla Medical Trust Hospital, Tarachand Bappa Hospital, Dhanwantari Hospital, Shri Samasta Parajiya Suvarna Hospital, Smt.B.C.J. General Hospital, Smt.B.C.J. General Hospital, Holi Spirit Hospital, Lilavati Hospital, The Bandra Holy Family Hospital, Raheja Hospital, Gurunanak Memorial Hospital, Ramakrishna Mission Hospital, Radhibai Watumull Global Hospital, BSES Hospital, Sushrut Hospital, LH Hiranandani Hospital, Maganlal Popatlal & Sarvoday Hospital, Rajawadi Municipal General Hospital, Shatabdi Hospital, KBB Hospital, V.N. Hospital, Dr.K.B. Babha Hospital, Cooper Hospital, Bhagwati Hospital, Sion Hospital, K.E.M. Hospital Nayar Hospital, Kama Hospital, G.T. Hospital, J.J. Hospital, Sr.George Hospital, Aliganj Hospital, Blue Cross Hospital, Getwell Hospital, Krishna Lok Hospital, Lucknow Hospital, Medwin Hospital and Health Centre, Vivekanand Hospital, G.M.Associate Hospital, Dufferin Hospital, Civil Hospital, Communicable/Infectious Diseases Hospital Lifeline Hospital and Heart Centre, Lucknow Hospital, Shalimar Hospital, Rajendranagar Hospital Tuberculosis Hospital, Lucknow Rajpoot Hospital, Nishat Hospital, Z A Chartable Hospital, Indira Gandhi Eye Hospital, Sitapur Eye Hospital, Awadh Hospital and Heart Centre, Balrampur Hospital, Cantonment General Hospital, Civil Hospital, Dr.Shyama Prasad Mukherjie Hospital, Fatima Hospital, G.M.Associate Hospital, K.K.Hospital, Veerangana Jhalkari Bai Female Hospital, Shekhar Hospital, Queen Mary Hospital, Osmania General Hospital, Gandhi Hospital, Government Maternity Hospital, Nilofar Hospital, Cancer Hospital, T.B. Hospital, Hospital for Mental Diseases, Sarojini Devi Hospital, Sundram Medical Foundation, Chennai. MIOT Hospital, Chennai. Apollo Hospital, Madras. Malar Hospital Limited, Gandhi Nagar Adyar, Chenni. Calcutta Medical College Hospital. N.R.S. Medical College & Hospital, Calcutta. R.G. Kar Medical College & Hospital, Calcutta. Calcutta National Medical College & Hospital, Instt. of Postgraduate Med. Education & Research, Calcutta Seth S.K.M. Hospital, Calcutta. Sambhu Nath Pandit Hospital, Calcutta. Lady Dufferinvictoria Hospital, Calcutta. Howrah General Hospital, Howrah, Hoogly Sadar Hospital, Hoogly, Chittaranjan Seva Sadan & Chittaranjan Cancer Hospital,  Ramakrishna Mission Seva Pratishthan General Hospital, Calcutta.

Beginning of Diabetes 

>>

Short Stature

diet therapy , drug therapy ,  elevated triglycerides, treatment , only, treatment , treatment guidelines ,weight loss-related, estrogen , factors affecting,  familia combined hyperlipidemia, glucocorticoids , growth hormone ,  growth hormone ,  growth hormone ,  growth hormone deficiency,  ,  hyperthyroidism, measurement  immunoseparation method , normal vales  by age  , postmenopausal,  pregnancy, progestins ,  renal failure postmenoausal estrogen replacement , I progesterone production,  pregnancy, raloxifene , reference values , size ,  cardiovascular risk assessment, structure ,  type 2 diabetes, synthesis , transport , Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor(s), defects,  diabetes, dysfunction, ocular effects ,  fetal adrenal glands functions ,  hypothyroidism, gene , regulation , glucocorticoids , growth hormone , half-life , ligand-binding domains ,  lipoprotein binding  uptake, mutations , pathway, regulation , postmenopausal hormone replacement ,  remnant lipoprotein uptake, structural domains , thyroid hormones  Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor-related protein (LRP),  HIV-associated fat redistribution,  remnant lipoprotein uptake, Lowe syndrome clinical features , cryptorchidism , ocular manifestations , Low-resolution physical mapping, LowT₃ syndrome aging ,  anorexia nervosa,  critical illness,  anorexia nervosa,  critical illness,  prolonged critical illness, Low T4 syndrome  anorexia nervosa,  critical illness,  elderly, Loxapine, effects  endocrine function  values, Lozi-Tabs.  Fluoride(s), therapy with LPH.  Lipotropin LT.  Lymphotoxin Lubs syndrome, Lubs syndrome, Luedde exphthalmometer, Lugol’s solution.   Iodide(s) iodine content ,  thyroid hormone secretion,  thyroid storm, Luksenburg, Harvey S., Lumisterol Lunelle, Lung.   Pulmonary; Respiratoy system  acromegaly, adaptation  extrauterine life, hormones , anatomy , biogenic amines , at birth, hormones , calcitonin ,  diffuse neuroendocrine system, eicosanoids , embryology ,endocrine, endothelia cell , peptides produced by, fetal maturations  assessment , hormones , hyperglycemia , fibrosis idiopathic, pulmonary hormones  platelet-derived growth factor , TGF-Beta , hormones , blood-borne hormonal stimuli , chemical perturbation  adjacent tissues ,  disease, functions , at birth, intraluminal stimuli , neural stimuli , neurotransmitter functions , hormones produced by  lung cancer,  peripheral blood,  hypogonadotropic hypognonadism,  hypopituitarism, inflammation , tachyknins , inherited disorders  amino-acid metabolism, local vasoconstriction ,  localized hypoxia, mast cell-dependent mediators I, maturation hormones , mechanics, alterations ,  diabetics, metabolic activities , metastases , paraneoplastic syndromes with, natriuretic peptides , nonpeptide neurotransmitters  physiology , response  autonomic nerve impulses, somatostatin receptors , Lung cancer bronchogenic, human placental lactogen production by, SIAD with, co-occurrence with thyroid tumor, magnetic resonance imaging , epidemiology ,  gyhecomastia, hCG , IGF-I , large-cell, paraneoplastic syndromes with, metastases ,  thyroid, paraneoplastic syndromes with, pulmonary hormones ,small cell ANP production by, calcitonin gene-related peptide , calcitonin precursors  precursor peptides , carcinoid syndrome with, cell  origin, diagnosis ,  hyperdrenocorticism (Cushing disease, Cushing syndrome), hypercalcemia, with, paraneoplastic (ectopic) secretion , ACTH with, paraneoplastic (ectopic) secretion  PTH with, paraneoplastic syndromes with, pulmonary hormones , SIAD with, somatostatin , squamous cell  hyperdarenocorticism (Cushing disease, Cushing syndrome), paraneoplastic (ectopic) secretion  PTH with, Lung disease.   Charonic obstructive pulmonary disease chronic, hypogonadotropic hypogonadism , lung injury, glucocorticoid therapy ,  natruiretic peptide peptide levels, Lupoid hepatitis, cutaneous manifestations , Lupron.  Leuprolide acetate Lupron.  Leuprodile acetate Lupron Depot.  Leuprolide acetate Lupus nephritis, IL-8 , Luride.  Fluoride(s), therapy with Luscher, Thomas F., Luteal cysts, Luteal phase characteristics , defects, exercise ,   infertility, menopause , folliculogenesis , function,  ovulation assessment, insufficiency, late, follicle selection , short,  infertility, Luteinized unruptured follicle syndrome, with clomiphene use,  infertility, Luteinizing hormone (LH) actions , alcohol , assays , hCG , beta subunit  mutations , precursor ,  cancer, carbohydrate content , clearance ,  critical illness,  acute versus chronic phase, deficiency   infants  children, treatment , maintenance therapy ,  male hypogonadism,  dialysis patients, erythropoietin therapy ,  elderly men,  embryo, 17 Beta-estradiol , fetal,  follicle-stimulating hormone, ratio  polycystic ovary syndrome ,  women with renal failure, ad follicular maturation, function ,  genetic variant , GnRH infusion , gonadal effects ,  gynecomastia, half-life , hypothalamic chronic anovulation ,  hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis,  Leydig cells, life cycle phases ,  luteinization, maternal  pregnancy,  menopause, menstrual cycle , oocyte viability ,  ovulation,  ovulation induction,  peripheral blood, pituitary adenoma producing.  Pituitary adenoma(s), gonadotrope; pituitary adenoma(s), null cell plasma / serum levels   alcoholism,  anorexia nervosa, assays ,  critical illness endothelin ,  hypogonadism,  liver transplant recipient,  males during prenatal  postnatal development, measurement , thymic effects ,  women with rena failure,  polycystic ovary syndrome,  precocious puberty,  premenstrual syndrome, production , bylymphocytes, properties ,  puberty,  females  males, recombinant, reference values , response  gonadotropin-releasing hormone, secretion , age-related patterns , cytokines ,  depression, dopamine , eicosanods , gonadal steroid , IL-6 , inhibin , pregnancy , prelatic , pulsatile patterns ,  hypogonadism, regulatin , substance p , thymosin Beta₄ ,  women with renal failure,  spermatogenesis,  sterodogenesis, structure , subunit structure , Alpha subunit; Beta subunit(s) surge  gonadotropin surge-inhibiting or attenuating factor suppression , mechanism , synthesis ,  testicular function, laboratory evaluations ,  45,X genotype, Luteinizing hormone-gonadotropin resistant testis, male hhpogonadism , Luteinizing hormone (LH) receptor(s),  Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) receptor(s) activating mutations ,  dominat follicle selection, G_s , mutations , activating, inactivating, andrelated endocrine disorders, Luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) alcohol , amino acid composition , centra nervous system effects , I critical illness, deficiency ,  anorexia nervosa, effects  gonadotropes,  gonadal function,  gonadotropin secretion,  hypothalamus,  menopause, pulsatile administration ,  anorexia nervosa, renal metabolism ,  reproductive behavior, secretion ,  testicular function, therapeutic applicationsof,  Kallmann syndrome, thymosin Beta₄ , Luteinizing hormone-releasinghormone (LHRH) agonist(s),  breast cancer treatment, toxicity , Luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) antagonist(s), Luteinizing inhibitor, Luteolysis, cytokines , eicosanoids , Luteoma  pregnancy, Luteotropin, Lutrepulse.  Gonadorelin acetate Luxus consumption, Lyme disease, ocular involvement , corticosteroids , Lymphadenopathy cervical, ultrasound ,  thyroid disorders, Lymph node(s) organogenesis, testicular tumor , Lymphocytes(s)   B cell(s) (B lymphocytes); Natural killer cells; T cells (T lymphocytes) ACTH receptors, activation , inadenosine deaminase deficiency, autocrone effects , Beta-endorphin receptors,  bone remodeling, CD expression pattern , dermal, development , differentialtions , epidermal, functions  diabetes , eicosanoids , glucocortiocids  leukotrienes , glucocorticoids , hormone receptors , hormones produced by, movement , glucocorticoids , paracrine effects , subtypes , suppressor, histamine , Lymphocyte immune globulin, effects  endocrine functions  values, Lymphocytic hypophysitis,  male hypogonadism,  pregnancy, with preganancy, Lumphocytosis,  adrenal insufficiency, Lymphoid organs(s), definition , primary, secondary Lymphokine(s),  skiin,    Lymphokine-activated killer cells (LAK), interleukins , Lymphoma(s) B-cell, lymphotoxin , excessive production  1, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D , follicular B-cell, bcl-2 expression , adenohypophyseal involvement , adrenal involvement , hypercalcemia with, hypothalamic-pituitary involvement , pancreatic involvement , testicular involvement , thyroidal involvement , human placental lactgen production by, hypercalcemia with, glucocorticoids ,  hypoglycemia, metastases , adrenal, hypoadrenalism due ,  thyroid hypoadrenalism due ,  thyroid, ocular involvement , paraneoplastic syndromes with, somatostatin receptor scintigraphy , testicular involvement , thyroid, clinical presentation , combined-modality therapy , diagnosis , differential diagnosis , epidemiology , fine-needle aspiration biopsy ,  , pathogenesis   pregnancy, prognosis , radiation therapy , surgery , treatment , Lumphoreticular malignancy, mast cells , Lymphotoxin,.   Tumor necrosis factor, TNF-Beta action , actions , antiproliferative effects , biologic response , cell source , deletion , effects  growth  development, functions , as growth factor, human, three-dimensional structure ,  malignancy-associated  hypercalcemia, Lymphotoxin receptor(s), Lynestrenol,  diabetes, Lyon hypothesis, Lypressin (Diapid), dosage  administration , Lys-bradykinin.  Kallidin Lysine, dehydrogenase deficiency, Lysine ketoglutarate reductase deficiency, Lysine vasopressin,  diabetes insipidus, Lysodren.  Mitotane Lysosomal acid ceramidase deficiency, ocular effects , Lysosomal acid lipase A, deficiency , deficiency , adrenal failure , Lysosomal alpha-mannosidase deficiency, ocular effects , Lysosomal alpha-mannosidase deficiency, ocular effects , Lysosomal enzyme disorder(s), ocular effects , Lysosomal storage disease(s) carriers, detection , clinical manifestations , diagnosis , genetic counseling , genetics , heritable, laboratory assessment , management , advances  (future directions ), molecular genetic analysis , neurologic involvement I, ovular effects , pathogenesis , prenatal diagnosis, progression , spectrum , Lysosome(s), enzymes , functions , Lysozyme, inactivation ,  diabetes, Lysyl hydrxylase deficiency   Ehlers-danlos syndrome type VI, ocular effects , gene , mutations , Lysyl oxidase,MacDonald, Ruth S., Machado disease, glucose intolerance , Macroadenoma(s) effects  pregnancy , imaging ,  male hypogonadism, pituitary.   Macroprolactinoma(s); pituitary adenoma(s) definition , growth , hormone deficiencies with, imaging , invasiveness , plurihomonal, surgery , surgical cure rate , treatment , Macrocephaly, lysosomalstorage disease with, Macrocephaly, lysosomal storage diseases with, Macroencapsulation,  immunobarrier protection Alpha-Macroglobulin, proteins related , GH binding , Macroglosia  acromegaly, endocrine / metabolic causes , Macromastia, persistent pubertal, Macrophage(s).   Foam cells activation , alveolar, as antigen-presenting cells activation , alveolar, as antigen-presenting cells, apo E synthesis by,  atherogenesis,  bone, cytokine production , dermal, functions , hematopoietic growth factors , growth factors produced by hormones produced by, hormones produced by, as immunomodulators,  inflammation, lymph node, peritoneal, phagocytic functions , receptors , splenic, thromboxane production by, tissue distribution , Macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF), biologic response , cell source , clinical significance , deletion , effects  growth  development, endocrine effects ,  hCG synthesis, human, three dimensional structure , immune functions , lymphocyte-derived,  neuroimmunoendocrinology,  osteoclast formation  skiin, sleep-promoting properties , Macrophage-derived cartilage activating factor (MCAF), cell source , Macrophage inflammatory protein(s)  basophils  mast cells,  eosinophils, MIP-1 actions , cell source , lymphocyte-derived, MIP-1 Alpha biologic response , clinical significance , endocrine effects , immune functions , production , by dendritic cells MIP -1 Beta biologic response , clinical response , clinical significance , endocrine effects , immune functions , MIP-1Y,  production , by dendritic cells, MIP-2 clinical significance , endocrine effects , production , by dendritic cells,  skiin, Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) biologic response , cell sources , clinical significance ,  critical illness defects ,  diabetes, diabetic T cells , endocrine effects , functions , immune functions , MIF-1, central nervous system effects ,  models  sepsis, production , by lymphocytes, Macroprolactinoma(s), clinical management , definition , medical therapy , pregnancy , radiation therapy , recurrence ,  distribution , surgery ,  distribution , surgery , result , treatment , outcome , vision compromise with, Macrorestriction map, Macrosomia, Macrovascular disease,  elderly diabetics, Macula bull’s eye lesion , causes , cherry-red, causes , diseases  anatomic classification , causes , cherry-red, causes , diseases  anatomic classification , causes or, edema , causes , cystoid, treatment , oral contraceptives , tomoxifen-induced, grayish discoloration  causes ,  metachromatic leukodystrophy, hemorrhage ,  young adults, causes , hypoplasia ,  albinism, pigmentary changes , causes , pucker,  diabetes, redness , causes , white or yellow flat lesion , with pigmentary changes, causes ,Macula densa,  feedback regulation  plasma sodium levels,  renin release, Macular cherry-red sopt, causes , lysosomal storage disease with, Macular halo syndrome, causes , Macular star, Madarosis, causes ,  hypothyroidism, Mag.  Magnesium gluconate Mag-200.  Magnesium oxide Magree, Michelle Fischmann, Magnesium, absorption , administration ,  nutritional repletion, alcohol intake , antiarrhythmic properties , balance  alcoholism, renal regulation , body stores ,  bone, deficiency , magnesemia clinical manifestations , diagnosis , endocrine causes , etiology , gastrointestinal causes , hypocalcemia , hypkalemia , magnesium tolerance test , metabolic causes , neuromuscular manifestations , parathyroid involvement , renal causes , signs  symptoms , treatment , dietary sources , dietary sources , excess (intoxication), clinical manifestation , neuromuscular manifestations , prevention , treatment , excretion , calcitonin , drugs affecting, glucocorticoids , growth hormone ,  hyperaldosteronism, parathyroid hormone ,  primary hyperparathyroidism,  renal stone formation, thyroid hormones , extracellular,  PTH secretion,  intestinal fluids, ionized. Measurement , loss , cause , metabolism , disorders , neuromuscular manifestation , normal levels , physiological functions , plasma/serum level .   Hypermagnesemia; Hypomagnesemia clinica significance ,  diabetic ketoacidosis,  familial hypocalciuric hypecalcemial,  Graves disease,  hyperaldosternism, units ,  PTH secretion, reference values , renal handling , atrial natriuretic peptic peptide , cacitonin , glucagons ,  hypoparathyroidism, PTH , skeletal effects , therapy with  arrhythmias,  calcium stone prevention,  benign familial “idiopathic” hypercalciuria, dosage  administration , duration ,  hypermagnesemia,  hypomagnesemia  neonate, indications , long-term,  magnesium deficiency,  renal calcium stone formation, urinary  alcoholism, drugs affecting, measurement ,  patient with nephrolithiasis, wasting, drug-induced,  hyperaldosternism, Magnesium amino acids chelate (Chelated magnesium) actions , adverse effects  side effects , dosage  administration , indications , preparations , Magnesium chloride (Slow-Mag) actions , adverse effects  side effects ,  Bartter syndrome, dosage  administration , indications , preparations , Magnesium-containing drugs, effects  endocrine functions  values, Magnesium gluconate (Almora, Mag) actions , adverse effects  side effects , dosage  administration , indications , preparations , Magnesium hydroxide (Milk  Magnesia, Phillips Milk  Magnesia) actions  adverse effects  side effects , dosage  administration , indications , preparations , Magnesium lactate (Mag-Tab SR) actions , adverse effects  side effects , dosage  administration , indications , Magnesium oxide (Mag-200, Mag-Ox 400, MaOx, Uro-Mag) action , adverse effects  side effects , dosage  administration , indications , Magnesium salts, therapy with, Magnesium sulfate actions , adverse effects  side effects , dosage  administration , indication , Magnesium tolerance test, Magnetic resonance angiography, advantages  disadvantages , indications ,  intracranial aneurysm,  renovascular hypertension,  sellar region, Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) abdominal , adrenal carcinoma,  adrenal glands, chemical-shift,  hyperaldosternism, preoperative,  adrenal incidentaloma,  androgen-secreting tumors,  body fat determination,  brain, chemical-shift ratio ,  chiasmal mass, contraindications ,  craniopharyngioma,  craniospinal axis, with hypothalamic germinoma,  diabetes insipidus,  diencephalic syndrome,  ectopic posterior pituitary,  empty sella,  encephalocele,  exophthalmos,  gastrinoma,  glioma,  goiter,  growth hormone deficiency,  hypothalamic hamartoma,  hypothalamic tumors,  treatment planning,  insulinomas,  intracranial aneurysm,  islet cell tumors,  lung cancer, co-occurring with thyroid tumor,  meningioma,  metastatic disease,  sellar region,  neurosarcoidosis,  osteoporosis,  parathyroid abnormalities,  pheochromocytoma, physical principles ,  pituitary, indications , with lymphocytic hypophysitis,  pituitary absecess,  pituitary adenomas,  pituitary apoplexy,  pituitary stalk,  pituitary tumors,  treatment planning,  primary pigmented nodular adrenocortical tissue,  prolactinoma,  Rathke cleft cyst,  schwannoma,  sella  sellar region, advantages  disadvantages ,  septo-opic dysplasia,  suprasellar arachnoid cyst,  suprasellar dysgerminoma,  thyroid, advances  (future directions ), clinical use , uses ,  thyroid cancer, Mag-Ox 400. SeeMagnesium oxide, Mag-Tab SR.  Magnesium lactate, Mahley, Robert W, Main d’accoucheur, Major basic protein,  mast cell activation, Major depressive disorder.  Depression Major histocompatibility complex (MHC).   Human leukocyte antigen(s)  adrenal function  critical illness, antigens, masking,  islet transplant protection,Major histocompatibility complex (continued) class I molecules, allotypes , definition , functions , genes ,  immune response, structure , class II molecules,allotypes ,  autoimmune disease, definition , functions , genes ,  immune response,  nonclassic antigen-presenting cells, structure , class III molecules, genes , definition , gene loci,  humans function , structure ,  type I diabetes, Malabsorption, glucose-galactose,  , hypoparathyroidism ,  type I polyglandular syndrome,  vitamin D deficiency, Malaria  euthyroid sick syndrome, glucose metabolism , pituitary necrosis , susceptibility , corticosteroids , Male(s) aging, bone loss , alcoholic, hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis , basal energy expenditure , calculation , cirrhosis ,  hormone alterations due , embryonal genital development , endocrinopathy , respiratory effects , genitalia .  Genitalia, male .  male(s)infertility , androgen resistance , assessment ,  carcinoma  situ  testis,causes , chromosomal abnormalities , cryptorchidism , cystic fibrosis ,

Causes of Hair Fall || Investigations & Diagnosis || Treatment of Hair Problems||Contact us
  White Spots || Urticaria || Consult us at our centre | || Contact Dermatitis || Scar || Acne Pimple || Itching
Psoriasis || Eczema ||  Dry Skin || Oily Skin || Recurrent Infection  ||  Fungus Nail  || Enquiry Form