Thyroid

What Is Thyroid

 Thyroid is a butterfly shaped gland situated in, front part of neck below larynx i.e. the voice box. This gland makes thyroxine hormone T3 (Total or Free Tri-iodo Thyronine) & T4 (Tetraiodo Thyronine).

These two hormones are under control of TSH (Thyroid Stimulating hormone) which is secreted from pituitary gland in brain. The above Thyroid hormones control many of the organ’s function.

When Thyroid  hormone is increased  in blood then it is called thyrotoxicosis (Hyperthyroidism) & when these hormones are low i.e. decreased in blood it is called Hypothyroidism (Myxoedema) & when thyroid hormone is normal in blood it is called Euthyroid.Thyroid gland size may increase than normal then it is called goitre (normal size is 2 cm wide & 2 cm. long).                                                   

Thyrotoxicosis

Thyrotoxicosis is a condition  when thyroid hormone T3, T4 concentration increases in blood along with subnormal i.e. suppressed or low TSH is called Thyrotoxicosis.
 Causes of it are Hyperthyroidism, Graves disease, Toxic multi-nodular goitre, toxic adenoma, thyroiditis (silent & sub-acute) & iatrogenic thyrotoxicosis, struma ovarii & pregnancy induced thyrotoxicosis ,iodine induced.
The symptoms of thyrotoxicosis are swelling in neck (goitre), weight loss, increased appetite, excessive sweating, palpitation, high blood pressure,,darkening of skiin, sometimes heart may fail or can develop atrial fibrillation (Thyrocardiac disease), swelling of leg, hair fall, vitiligo in skiin, sometime thickening & roughening of the skiin of leg. Eye may becomes more prominent & red sometimes may even protrude out. Sometime patient may get double vision (Diplopia) or rarely reduction of vision (Thyroid Ophthalmopathy). Patient may gets extreme weakness (Tiredness), body pain, dyspnoea (breathlessness on exertion i.e. exercise). Patient may also get recurrent diarrhoea, nervousness insomnia, anxiety, tremors of hand. Sometimes patient gets severe weakness of muscles so that he may feel difficulty in getting up from sitting posture (Thyrotoxic myopathy). Approximately one percent patient develop thyrotoxic periodic paralysis in which patient gets repeated bouts of temporary severe weakness of body so that he may can not stand up for few hours intermittently.

Bone may get weak called osteoporosis, also serum calcium & alkaline phosphatase may increase patient may pass excess of urine, develops anemia. It leads to lack of development of beard & moustache in boys & breast development in boys (Gynecomastia). In females it leads to infertility i.e. difficulty in conceiving & even if conceives leads to abortion.

Diagnosis : For diagnosis of cause of thyrotoxicosis some of the following tests Serum T3, T4, TSH, Free T3, Free T4, TSH, Antimicrosomal antibody (antiperoxidase antibody), Antithyroglobulin antibody. Radioactive iodine uptake, Thyroid scan, Thyroglabulin, thyroid binding globulin (TBG) are required depending on the likelihood of particular cause based on history & examination. At our diabetes & thyroid center we have most advance state of the art laboratory with all the modern facility for all above tests.

In thyrotoxicosis thyroid hormone T3 & T4 are elevated in blood & TSH low.

Regarding Eye complication of thyroid i.e. ophthalmopathy it can be unilateral i.e. one side prominent eye or both side. For diagnosis C.T. scan of eye, eye pressure & tonometry tested.

The various causes & treatment of Thyrotoxicosis are :

 Graves disease i.e. hyperthyroidism there is excess production of thyroid hormone from hyper-functioning Thyroid gland. Two years treatment is needed for cure. Usually adequate treatment of hyperthyroidism by neomercazol or antithyrox or PTU should be under the guidance of thyroid specialist so that thyroid is permanently cured & no side effects of tablets develops.  Sometimes radio iodine therapy is required. Radio iodine therapy is a very effective treatment but its side effect should be evaluated first by detail history & examination. Surgery  for thyrotoxicosis now rarely needed. Complication of thyroid  surgery are hypo-parathyroidism & others. 

Toxic adenoma : In this a single enlarged nodule produces too much thyroid hormone. It needs radio-iodine treatment or sclero therapy or surgery for cure easily. 

Thyrotoxicosis in child needs special precaution & treatment. 
Sometime patient may have T3 Toxicosis & T4 Toxicosis alone.

Thyroiditis

Thyroiditis is one of the common cause of thyrotoxicosis. This is of three type as follows : 

Subacute Thyroiditis: In this condition there occurs inflammation i.e. swelling in thyroid gland due to viral infection. Symptoms are swelling in neck, pain in neck, throat pain, fever, along with symptoms & signs suggestive of  Thyrotoxicosis.Tests required for proper diagnosis are throid test, ESR, thyrod  antibody test & thyroid scan. With appropriate treatment it is cured permanently in two months. 

Silent Thyroiditis : In thyroiditis there occurs leakage of preformed thyroid hormone from thyroid gland in blood due to inflammation (i.e. holes) in thyroid gland.  In  silent thyroiditis  etiology is idiopathic  with symptom & signs  of thyrotoxicosis but no pain or fever.with proper diagnosis & trweatment it is cured easily 

(6)Hashimoto Thyroiditis: In this condition there occurs swelling of thyroid  due to deposition of inflammatory cells in the thyroid. Symptoms are thyroid enlargement  i.e. goiter  & symptoms of thyrotoxicosis.  

Thyrotoxicosis (Thyroid) during pregnancy we keep thyroid hormone under tight control by every six weekly thyroid test & dose adjustment accordingly 

How to Consult us :For detail view  How to Consult us

Cure Of  Thyroid

Cure of hypothyroidism : Many times hypothyroidism can be cured permanently.If proper diagnosis of etiology of thyroid disorder is diagnosed then many times it can be cured permanently.Thus ask your doctor or meet us at our diabetes & thyroid centre to find out correct diagnosis.  Because many of the causative  agent once they are removed lead to cure  of thyroid.. For knowing whether hypothyroidism can be cured or not you may contact us personally or email us.

 Cure of  thyrotoxicosis :Hyperthyroidism (Grave”s disease) is cured within two years permanently by proper selection of various drugs.Usually adequate treatment of hyperthyroidism by neomercazol or antithyrox or PTU should be under the guidance of thyroid specialist so that thyroid is permanently cured & no side effects of tablets develops.  Sometimes radioiodine therapy is required.

Thyroiditis due to various causes is cured in two months.

Cure of Goitre & thyroid nodule is also cured in many cases after correct diagnosis & treatment.  

For consultation & treatment (by appointment / or online) click How to Consult Us

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Hypothyroidism

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|| Thyroid Disorder during Pregnancy || Thyroiditis || 
|| Contact Us || How to Consult Us || 
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We get patients from all major cities in India & Abroad . In the following cities all the facilities for investigation & treatments including medicines are available as Delhi (North, South, East, Central, West, New Delhi), Ghaziabad, Faridabad, Noida, Gurgaon, Meerut, Saharanpur, Dehradun, Ferozepur , Aurangabad, Manesar, Rewari, Pataudi, Rohtak, Bahadurgarh,Bombay,  Bhiwani, Karnal, Panipat , Ambala, Ludhiana, Amritsar, Batala, Gurdaspur, Jalandhar, Patiala, Chandigarh, Calcutta,  Ferozepur Simla, Manali, Jammu, Udhampur, Poonch, Rajouri, Srinagar, Kargil, Aligarh, Mathura, Etawah, Lucknow, Kanpur, Allahabad, Varanasi, Kashi, Faizabad, Bareilly, Moradabad, Rampur., Dehradun, Uttarkashi, Meerut, Sitapur, Mathura,  Madras, Pilibhit, Nainital, Almora, Agra, Ferozabad, Jhansi, Alwar, Jaipur, Dausa, Ajmer, Beawar, Pali, Bhilwara, Chittorgarh, Kota, Dholpur, Churu, Ratangarh, Sikar, Bikaner, Jodhpur, Jalore, Rajkot, Porbandar, Jamnagar, Dwarka, Junagadh, Surendranagar, Bhav Nagar, Ambala, Ahmedabad, Gandhi Nagar, Godhra, Vadodara, Surat, Bilmora, Navasari, Mumbai, Sonapur, Kalbadevi, Girgaon, Dadar, Mahim, Dharavi, Juhu, Andheri, Kurla, Sahar, Pune, Thane, Palghar, Panaji, Panvel, Solapur, Pandharpur, Ahmednagar, Satara, Kolhapur, Ichalkaranji, Kalyan, Nasik, Dhule, Bhir, Nagpur, Bhandara, Amraoti, Khandwa, Indore, Ujjain, Ratlam, Mandsaur, Bhopal, Vidisha, Sagar, Guna, Shivpuri, Gwalior, Jabalpur, Bhilai, Raipur, Hyderabad, Zahirabad, Suryapet, Guntakal, Chittoor, Tirupati, Tirumala, Nandyal Vijayawada, Guntur, Goa,  Tenali, Nellore, Visakhapatnam, Vellore, Bangalore, Banglore, Ulsoor, Mysore, Srirangapatna, Hassan, Mangalore, Udupi, Manipal, Davanagere, Shimoga, Dharwad, Hubli, Bellary, Hospet, Bijapur, Belgaum, Chennai, Chengalpattu, Pondicherry, Tiruvannamalai, Kumbakonam, Thanjavur, Tiruchirappalli, Palani, Madurai, Sivakasi, Tirunelveli, Ambasamudram, Tenkasi, Nagercoil, Kanchipuram, Salem, Erode, Tirupur, Coimbatore, Pollachi, Kanyakumari, Ernakulam, Trivandrum, Calicut, Kottayam, Calcutta, Howrah, Purulia, Darjeeling, Siliguri, Gangtok, Bhubaneswar, Puri, Rourkela, Guwahati, Shillong, Imphal, Kohima, Agartala, Patna, Gaya, Bokaro, Jamshedpur, Ranchi, Madhubani.

We also get patients from following major cities of the world as Aalborg, Abadan, Abidian, Abudhabi, Abuja, Acapulco, Addis,  Ababa, Adelaide, Agadir, Agana, Ahvaz, Akueryai, Al Ain, Al Khobar, Alaska, Aleppo, Alexandria,       Alexandroupolis, Algiers, AlicanteAll, Areas, All Parts, All parts, Alma-Ata, Almada, AlofiAmatitlan, Ambato, Amman, Amsterdam, Andorra, Andrup, Ankara, AntanarivoAntigua, Antwerp, Apia, Aqaba, Areqioca, Arusha, Ashghabat, Asmara, Assab, Assuncion, Atbara, Athens, Auckland, Augra  Do Heroism Bacolod, Badalona, Baghdad, Baku, Bamako, Bander seribegaw, Bangkok, Barcelona, Barranquilla, Basseterre, Bedzin, Beijing, Belfast, Belgrade, Belize, Bengui, Benha, Benina, Bergen, Berlin, Bern, Bethlehem, Bhutan, Bimini, Birmingham, Bisho, Bissau, Bizerta, Bobo Dioulasso, Bogra, Bonaire, Bonn, Boras, Brasilia, Bratislava, Brazov, Brazzavila, Bremen, Bridgetown, Brisbane, Bristol, charest, Budape  st Buenos Aires, Bujumbura, Bulawayo, Bundung, Burgas, Buzau, Caacupe, Cairo, Cali, Canberra, Cap Haitien, Cape Town, Carecas, Castries, Cebu, Chengdu, Chicago, Chiclayo, chittagong, Christchurch, Christmas Island, CocosKeeling Island, Cologne, Colombu, Conakry, Conception, Contonou, Copenhagen Cordaba,  Cork, Coroval, Corprivertion, Craiova, Cuenca, Cumana, Curacao, Dacca, Dakar, Damascus, Damman, Dangregia, Dar Es Salaam, Defeera, Derbrecen, Dewaniya, Diego Suarez, Diriamba, Djibouti, Doha, Dramman, Dubai, Dublin, Durban, Dushanbe, Dusseldort, El Salvador, Entebbe, Erevan, Equitorial Guinea, Fade N'Gorma, Falun, Faroe Islands, Fes, Franarantsoa, Frankfurt, Freeport, Freetown, French Guiana, Frunze.Ft de France, Fujairah,  Gaborone, Garbrovo, Genda, Geneva, George Town, Georgetown, Ghent, Gibraltar, Glasgow, Gonaives, Gondomar, Granada Grand Beirut, Graz,Guadalajara, Guautemala City, Guayaquil, Gyongyas, Hajja, Hamar, Hamburg, Hamilton, Havana, Halsinki, Ho Chi Milk City, Hodeidah, Homs, HongKong, Honiara, Honolulu, Houston, Hyvinkaa, Ibadan, Ikeja, Incheon, Industira, Invercargill, Isfahan, Islamabad, Island tuvalu, Istanbul, Jakarta, Janawa, Jeddah, Jerusalam, Jimma, Jinia, Johannesburg, Jaba, Kaduna, Kampala, Kaoshiung, Karachi, Karor, Kathmandu, Khartoum, Khon Kean, Khulna, Kiev, Kigalibad, Kingston, Kingstown, Kismayo, kitwe, Kobe, Kolding, Kosice, Koudougou, Kowloon, Kristianstav, Kula Belait, Kuala Lumpur, Kuantan, Kumasi, Kuwait, Kyoto, La Paz, Lady Ville, Lea, Lagos, Lahore, Lahti, Larissa, Las Palmas, Lattaquieh, Leeds, Leipzig, Librevilla, Lima, Limassol, Linden, Lisbon, Liverpool, Ljubl-iana, Lome, London, Los Angeles, Luanda, Lubumbashi, Lugazi, Lungi, Lusaka, Luxembourg, Macao, Madani, Madrid, Majuro, Maldonado, Male, Malmo, Managua, Manama, Mancheter, Manila, Mansoure, Manta, Maputo, Maracay, Marrakech, Maseru, Mashad, Mayotte, Mbabane, Mbale, Medan, Medlin, Melbourne, Mendoza, Mexico city, Miami, Micronesia, Milano, Misrata, Mmabatho, Mogadiscio, Mombassa, Monrovia, MonteCarlo, Monterrey, Monte-video, Montreal, Moscow, Mosule, Mulanje, Mumbai, Muscat, Mutare, Mwanza, Nabeul, Naestved, Nagozi, Nairobi, Najat, Nanjing, Nassau, Nastriya, Nazareth, Ndjamena, New Amsterdam, New-York, Niamey, Nicosia, Norrkoping, Nottingham, Nouakehott, Noumea, Nukualofa, Oklahoma City, Omdurman, Oradea, Orodtheab, Oruro, Osaka, Oslo, Ostrava, Ottawa, Ouagadougu, Oulu, Panama-City, Paralimni, Paramaribo, Paris, Paysandu, Perth, peshawar, Philadelphia, Pingtung, Piraeus, Piura, Pl Villa, Plazen, Plovdiv, Plymouth, Poneloya, Port Au Prince, PortSaid, Port-Sudan, Potosi, Prague, Praia, Pretoria, Pt Lousi, Pt of Spain, Pt.Stanley, Pte Apitre, Pusan, pyongyang, Rabat, Ramalla, Rarstonga, Rawalpindi, Reykyavik, Riga,Rio De Janeiro, Riyadh, Road Town, Rodriquez Islands, Rome, Rosario, Roseau, Rota, Rotterdam, Rzeszow, Saba, Sabh, Sailburg, Salta, Samoa-American, San Francisco, San Jose, San Marcos, San Marino, San pablo, Sandnes, San-Jaun, Sanna, Senta Cruz(Graciosa), Santa Cruz, Santiago, Santo Doming, Sao Paulo, SaoTome Island, Semarang, Seoul, Serrekunda, Sert, Sfax, Shangai, Shariah, Singapore, Skopie, Sofia, Sopot, ST.Denis, St.Georges, St.Helena, St.Johns, St.Pitterbuze, Stockholm, Strydom Airport, Stuttgart, Suphanburi, Suva, Sydney, Szekesfehervar, Taegu, Taichung, Tainan, Taipei, Taiz, Tallinn, Tamatave, Tampere, Tanga, Tashkent, Tavira, Tbilisi, Tegucigalpa, Tehran, Tel-Aviv, Tema, Temburong, Teneriffe, The Hague, The Valley, Thessaloniki, Thohoyandou, Thomwood, Thonbiri, Thyolo, Timisoara, Tirane, Titograde, Tokyo, Toronto, Tripoli, Tsumeb, Tunisi, Turks Caicos, Tutong, Ulan-Batar, Vaduz, Valetta, Valparasio, Vancouver, Vatican City, Victoria, Victoria Falls, Vienna, Vientiana, Vigo, VilaDOporto, Villa Nueva, Villarica, Vilua, Vina Del Mar, Volgagrad, W.Berlin, Wallis & Futuna Island, Warsaw, Washington Dc, Wellington, Windhoele, Yaounde, Yaren, Yokohama, Yundum, Zagreb, Zahle, Zurich.

 At these places all the facilities for investigation & treatments are available.

At our center / centre / clinic / clinics / hospital / hospitals doctors are dedicated for latest & scientific treatment of these diseases.

Dexamethasone Suppression test for ACTH:, Overnight Suppression 1500, Low dose 1500, High dose 1500, Dexamelhasone Suppression test tor CortJsoh •, Overnight Suppression 660, Low dose 660, High dose 660, Epinephrine (Adrenaline), urine 950, Metanephrine level, urine (Quantitative) 1300, Nor-Adrenaline (Nor-epinephrine), plasma 950, Nor-Adrenaline (Nor-epinephrine), urine 950, Nor-epinephrine (Nor-Adrenaline), urine 950, Nor-epinephrine (Nor-Adrenaline), plasma 950, Renin Activity, plasma (PRA) 3750Serotonin 1800, Hornones. Growth Factors: •, Growth Hormone, Serum (Fasting required) 420, HGH- Human Growth Hormone, Serum (Fasting required) 420, IGF BP-3, serum 990, IGF-1 (Somatomedin C), serum 990, Somatomedin C (IGF-1), serum 990, Hormones (Pregnancy): -, Alpha Feto Protein (AFP), In maternal serum 450, Alpha Feto Protein, Amniotic fluid 550, E3-Unconjugated Estriol, serum 590, Free Beta HCG, Serum 725, HCG-Beta Subunit, Serum 300, Unconjugated Estriol (E3), serum 590, PAPPa-Pregnancy associated plasma protein, serum 725, Triple test (1st trimester) (Down’s syndrome screening through, analysis of Free HCG-beta, PAPPa and statistical risk factor 1200, calculation), Triple test (2nd trimester) (Down’s syndrome screening, through analysis of HCG-beta, AFP, uŁ3 and statistical risk 1200factor calculation), Hormones (Thyroid): •, Canine T3, serum (For Dogs) 200, Canine T4, serum (For Dogs) 200, Canine thyroid function tests (Canine T3, T4, TSH) 600, Canine TSH, serum (For Dogs) 360, TS.Free (Free Tri-iodothyronine), Serum 180, T3,Total (Tri iodothyronine), serum by CLIA 110, T4,Free (Free Thyroxine), Serum 180, T4,Total (Thyroxine), serum by CLIA 110, Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH), serum by CUA 260, Thyroxine, Free (Free T4), Serum 180, Thyroxine, Total (Total T4), serum by CLIA   110, , TRH Stimulation test (Basal, 30 Min & 60 Min sample after iv, TRH injection 7uq/Kg of body weight)(Max dose=500 ug), Tri iodothyronine, Total (Total T3), serum by CLIA 110, Tri-iodothyronine, Free (Free T3), Serum 180, TSH-Ultrasensitive{Thyroid Stimulating Hormone), serum by CLIA 26°, Hormones, Others: -, Gastrin, serum (Fasting) 660, Gastrin,serum (Postprandial) 660, PTH-Para Thyroid Hormone (Intact Molecule), plasma 850, Vassopressin (ADH-Anti dieuratic hormone) 1400, Neoptein 1800, Infections. Viral:  , Adenovirus, IgM antibody 1400, Anti HBe-Antibodies to Hepatitis B envelope Ag, serum 660, CMV-Avidity test, serum 660, CMV-IgG Antibodies to Cyto Megalo Virus serum 360, CMV-IgG Antibodies to Cyto Megalo Virus CSF 360, CMV-IgM Antibodies to Cyto Megalo Virus Serum 360, CMV-IgM Antibodies to Cyto Megalo Virus CSF 360, Coxsackie antibody-IgG serum, CSF 1400, Coxsackie antibody-IgM serum, CSF 1400, Dengue-IgG antibodies serum, CSF    500, Dengue-IgM antibodies.CSF 500, EBV(VCA)-lgM antibodies 660, Echovirus antibody-IgG serum.CSF 1400, Echovirus antibody-IgM serum.CSF 1400, German Measles(Rubella), Avidity test, serum 660, German Measles(Rubella),


Different Hospitals in india are: Moolchand Health Care, St. Stephen’s Hospital, Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Hospital, G.B Pant Hospital, Lok Nayak Hospital, RG Stone Urological Reasarch Institue, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, Jeevan Hospital, Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Hospital, Orthonova Hospital, Batra Hospital, Sahi Hospital, Indraprastha Apollo Hospitals, Holy Faimly Hospital, Jeevan Mala Hospital, Jaipur Golden Hospital, Lady Harding Hospital, Smt. Sucheta Kriplani Hospital, Mata Chanan Devi Hospital, Safdarjung Hospital, Mohindra Hospital, M.P Heart centre Hospital, Bara Hospital, Hindu Rao Hospital, Holy Angels Hospital, Shankar Hospital, Holy Family Hospital, Chopra Hospital, Escorts Hospital St. Stephen's Hospital, Vardaan Hospital, Visitech Eye Hospital, Vardhman Mahavir Medical College, Safdarjung Hospital, Lok Nayak Jai Prakash (LNJP) Hospital, Private Hospital, Guru Teg Bahadur Hospital, Kalra Hospital,  Bangalore Baptist Hospital, Bowring Hospital, B W Lions Eye Hospital, Bangalore Hospital, Bangalore Children's Hospital, Genesis Hospital, Lakeside Hospital, M G A Hospital, Mallya Hospital, Manipal Hospital, Sindhi Charitable Hospital, Yellamma Dasappa Hospital,  Sir Harkisandas Narottamdas Hospital, Prince Alikhan Hospital, Saifee Hospital, Breach Candy Hospital, Jaslok Hospital, Habib Ismail Hosptal, Kalajyot Hospital, Motiben Dalvi Hospital, Bombay Hospital, Corwest Jain Clinic Group of Hospitals, D.S. Kothari Hospital, Lotus Hospital, Elizabeth Hospital, Bhatia Hospital, The Bomanji Dinshaw Petit Parsee Hospital, Cumbala Hill Hospital, Noor Hospital, K.B. Haji Bachoali Charitable Ophthalmic & ENT Hospital, Bai Jerbai Wadia Hspital, Nawroji Wadia Maternity Hospital, Wadia Hospital, Yerla Medical Trust Hospital, Tarachand Bappa Hospital, Dhanwantari Hospital, Shri Samasta Parajiya Suvarna Hospital, Smt.B.C.J. General Hospital, Smt.B.C.J. General Hospital, Holi Spirit Hospital, Lilavati Hospital, The Bandra Holy Family Hospital, Raheja Hospital, Gurunanak Memorial Hospital, Ramakrishna Mission Hospital, Radhibai Watumull Global Hospital, BSES Hospital, Sushrut Hospital, LH Hiranandani Hospital, Maganlal Popatlal & Sarvoday Hospital, Rajawadi Municipal General Hospital, Shatabdi Hospital, KBB Hospital, V.N. Hospital, Dr.K.B. Babha Hospital, Cooper Hospital, Bhagwati Hospital, Sion Hospital, K.E.M. Hospital Nayar Hospital, Kama Hospital, G.T. Hospital, J.J. Hospital, Sr.George Hospital, Aliganj Hospital, Blue Cross Hospital, Getwell Hospital, Krishna Lok Hospital, Lucknow Hospital, Medwin Hospital and Health Centre, Vivekanand Hospital, G.M.Associate Hospital, Dufferin Hospital, Civil Hospital, Communicable/Infectious Diseases Hospital Lifeline Hospital and Heart Centre, Lucknow Hospital, Shalimar Hospital, Rajendranagar Hospital Tuberculosis Hospital, Lucknow Rajpoot Hospital, Nishat Hospital, Z A Chartable Hospital, Indira Gandhi Eye Hospital, Sitapur Eye Hospital, Awadh Hospital and Heart Centre, Balrampur Hospital, Cantonment General Hospital, Civil Hospital, Dr.Shyama Prasad Mukherjie Hospital, Fatima Hospital, G.M.Associate Hospital, K.K.Hospital, Veerangana Jhalkari Bai Female Hospital, Shekhar Hospital, Queen Mary Hospital, Osmania General Hospital, Gandhi Hospital, Government Maternity Hospital, Nilofar Hospital, Cancer Hospital, T.B. Hospital, Hospital for Mental Diseases, Sarojini Devi Hospital, Sundram Medical Foundation, Chennai. MIOT Hospital, Chennai. Apollo Hospital, Madras. Malar Hospital Limited, Gandhi Nagar Adyar, Chenni. Calcutta Medical College Hospital. N.R.S. Medical College & Hospital, Calcutta. R.G. Kar Medical College & Hospital, Calcutta. Calcutta National Medical College & Hospital, Instt. of Postgraduate Med. Education & Research, Calcutta Seth S.K.M. Hospital, Calcutta. Sambhu Nath Pandit Hospital, Calcutta. Lady Dufferinvictoria Hospital, Calcutta. Howrah General Hospital, Howrah, Hoogly Sadar Hospital, Hoogly, Chittaranjan Seva Sadan & Chittaranjan Cancer Hospital,  Ramakrishna Mission Seva Pratishthan General Hospital, Calcutta.

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Hypothyroidism

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Insulin-like growth factor(s) intestinal, keratinocyte (KGF), pulmonary effects , mammogenesis, mast-cell. Stem cell factor negative, breast cancer, nerve (NGF). Nerve growth factor physicochemical characteristics , placenta-derived, plateleta-derived, platelet-derived (PDGF). Platelet-derived growth factor platelet-derived endothelial growth factor (PD-EGF), cell source , platelets, preimplantation embryo, pulmonary, pharmacologi/physiologic effects , physiologic factors affecting, pulmonary pathology schwannoma-derived, skeletal effects , skiin, somatostatin release, transforming. Transforming growth factor trophoblastic, vascular endothelial (VEGF). Vascular endothelia growth factor Growht factor inducible chemokine (FIC), biologic response , Growth factor receptor bound protein (Grb-2), IGF-I signaling pathway, Growth failure, classification , Cushing disease, definitions , deprivationa dwarfism, diagnosis , HIV-infected children, with suprasellar dysgerminoma, treatment , type III glycogen storage disease, Growth hormone (GH), abuse , acromegalic complication , actions aging , AIDS wasting syndrome, alcohol , anabolic effects , stress, binding GHBP, biologically inactive, blood pressure, acromegaly, cardiac effects , chorionic. Human placental lactogen cognitive functioning, counterinsulin action , critical illness, deficiency , acquired, confirmation diagnosis, presenting manifestations, prognosis, short stature , therapy, adult-onset, adults, clinical manifestations , hormone replacement therapy , therapy , cancer treatment-onset, adults, clinical manifestations , hormone replacement therapy , therapy , cancer treatment-related, cardiac effects , childhood-onset, retesting adults, children with tuberculous meningitis, clinical presentation , combined pituitary hormone deficiency, congenital, incidence , presenting manifestations, short stature , , delayed puberty, androgen replacement therapy , diagnosis , didgnostic imaging , dwarfism with, elderly, etiology , genetic disorders ketosis , idiopathic, infants children diagnostic criteria , hormone replacement therapy , treatment , isolated, causes , dominantly inherited form , glucose intolerance , laboratory diagnosis , difficulties with, leukemia , lipid metabolism , lipoprotein metabolism , maintenance therapy , medical history , physical examination , prognosis , radiation-related, respiratory effects , selective, signs symptoms , treatment , type IA, type IB, type II, type III, definition , depression, dialysis patients, erythropoietin therapy , effects endocrine function values, embryo, excess,. Acromegaly; Gigantism diabetes secondary , McCune-Albright syndrome, respiratory effects , exercise , exogenous, abuse , acromegalic complications , fetal, genes , GH-N (GH-1), GH-V (GH-2), GH-N (GH-1) genes , mutations, growth hormone deficiency, GH-V (GH-2), genes , gonadal dysgenesis, gonadotropin-dependent/central precocious puberty, granulose cell apoptosis, hair growth, hematopoiesis, hepatic effects , HIV-infected children, homeostasis, liver disease , human, therapy with, Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, human ploacental lactogen, homologies between, hypercalcemai caused by, hypersecretion ,. Acromegaly; pituitary adenoma(s), growth hormone cell medical therapy , radiation therapy , hypersensitivity , hypoglycemia, immunostimulatory properties , insensitivity, acquired, genetic causes , insulin action, 20 kDa, 22 kDa, laboratory testing , standards , lactation leptin secretion, lipolytic effects , lipoprotein metabolism, mechanism action , metabolic effects , monocyte activation by, neurosecretory dysfunction, infants children, obesity , oligomers , ovulation induction, paraneoplastic (ectopic) secretion , pituitary, radioimmunoassay , pituitary adenoma producing. Acromegaly; Pituitary adenoma(s), growth hormone cell placental, redioimmunoassays , secretin, regulation , structure , variant, plasma half-life , plasma lipids, plasma lipoproteins, plasma/serum level anorexia nervosa, critical illness, acute phase, depression, diurnal profile , endothelin , fasting, liver disease, measurement , during menstrual cycle, paraneoplastic GHRH syndrome, pregnancy, sleep apnea , posttranscriptional processing (alternative splicing), precursor , protein metabolism, radioimmunossays , recombinant human, adverse effects side effects , AIDS -related wasting syndrome, dosage administration , HIV-associated fat redistribution, therapy with, critical illness, dosage administration , reference values , renal metabolism , renal responses resistance, anorexia nervosa, critical illness, , secretagogues, therapy with, critical illness, secretion , abnormal, renal disease, age-related patterns , inanorexia nervosa, chronic stress, critical illness, chronic phase, cytokines , dopamine , dynamic tests , dysregulation , infants children, eicosanoids , feedback control , IL-6 , impairment , leptin deficiency, modulation by sleep circadian rhythmicity, neural control , physiologic short-term regulators , pregnancy, pulsatile, regulation , response hemorrhage, genital dimorphism , sleep stages , somatostatin , substance P , suppressibility, dynamic testing , TRH , alcoholic liver disease, skeletal effects , acromegaly, sleep-promoting properties , somatostatin release, species specificity , starvation structure , synthesis , therapy with, action , adults, adverse effects side effects , auxologic criteria , biosynthetic, renal dwarfism, turner syndrome, children, complication , critical illness, dosage administration , adults, elderly, elderly men, growth curve with, growth hormone deficiency, growth hormone neurosecretory dysfunction, guidelines , endocrinologic side effects , indication , human, pituitary-derived, indications , insurance coverage , patients without growth hormone deficiency, Prader-Willi syndrome, preparation , renal dwarfism, rerersal atherosclerotic changes, short stature, Turner syndrome, thymic effects , trace minerals, urinary, testing growth hormone secretion, variants , plasma half-lives , secretion , vitamin D metabolism, Growth hormone (GH) analog (s), therapy with, critical illness, Growht hormone (GH) antagonist(s) acromegaly, Growth hormone-binding protein (GHBP), growth hormone insensitivity, growth hormone-releasing hormone, combined, dynamic testing growth hormone secretion, hormone binding , regulation , Growth hormone cells. Somatotrope (s) Growth hormone insensitive syndrome (GHIS). Growth hormone (GH), insensitivity Growth hormone receptor(s) (GHR), binding affinities , functional domains , gene , GH-induced dimerization , intracellular signaling pathways , lymphocytes, mutation , regulation , renal, variants , Growht hormone relase-inhibiting hormone (GRIH). Somatostatin Growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH), actions , amino acid sequence , central nervous system effects , critical illness, dynamic testing growth hormone secretion, ectopic production , elderly, excess, fetal, gene , GH secretion, growth hormone-binding protein, combined, dynamic testing growth hormone secretion, neurons containing, hypothalamus, nocturnal growth hormone secretion, paraneoplastic (ectopic) secretion , pituitary tumorigenesis, plasma/ serum level , cancer, precursor , secretion , cytokines , by gastrointestinal tumors, regulation , sleep-promostatin release, somatotrope hyperplasia, structure , therapy with action , adverse effects side effects , dosage administration , indications , preparation , tissue distribution , tumors secreting, characteristics , treatment , Growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) agonist(s) benign prostatic hyperplasia, Growth hormone-releasing hormone receptor (GHRH-R) defects, growth hormone deficiency, mutations , related endocrine disorders, pituitary somatotrope development, structure , Growth hormone-releasing hormone test drug effects , expected response , intraindividual variation , method , physiologic factors affecting, special considerations/interpretation , substance measure , Growht hormone-releasing peptide(s) (GHRPs), action , central nervous system effects , critical illness, therapy with, critical illness, Growth hormone-releasing peptide(s) (GHRPs) receptor (s), Growth retardation hepatic glycogen phosphorylase drficiency, IGF-I receptor abnormalities , ocular manifestations , renal soteodystrophy, uremic children, Growth spurt(s) gender , pubertal, delayed, IGF-I abnormalities , Growht velocity, GRP. Gastrin-releasing peptide GRPP. Glicentin-related pancreatic polypeptide Gruenewald, David A. GST. Glutathione triphosphate GTPase, GTP-binding proteins. G protein(s) Guaifenesin, effects endocrine function values, Guanabenz effects endocrine function values, mechanism action , Guanadrel, effects endocrine function values, Guanethidine (Ismelin) effects endocrine function values, dysfunction, hypotensive effect , lid retraction, Guanfacine, effects endocrine function values, Guanine nucleotide regulatory protein(s). G protein(s) Guanosine diphosphat (GDP) IGF-I singnaling pathway, steroidogenesis, Guanosine triphosphate-bindign protein. G protein(s) guanylate cyclase, renin release, soluble, platelets, Gubernaculum testis, Guevedoces syndrome, Guillain-Barre syndrome, Guineal pig, autoimmune endocrine disese modeled , Gut. Gastrointestinal system primitive, Gut-peptide hypothesis, appetite regulation, Gynandroblastoma(s), Gynecomastia, acquired disorders , before after treatment, alcohol , with androgen replacement therapy, causes , chemotherapy , cirrhotic males, clinical presentation , congenital disorder , contragenital precocious puberty , drugs associated with, essential, estrogen/androgen ratio , estrogen therapy prostate cancer, evaluation , general considerations , growth hormone replacement , histologic appearance , hormonal context , hypogonadism , Klinefelter syndrome, treatment , pathogenesis , persistent pubertal, physical examination , physiologic, puberty, refeding, renal failure, spinobulbar muscular atrophy , starvation , surgery , with testicular atrophy, toxins , treatment , tumors , vanishing testes syndrome , Gynogen L.A. 20. Estradiol valerate oil Gynoid body type, diabetes , Gyrate atrophy, organ-specific involvement , Haarsheiben, HAART. Highly active antiretroviral therapy Habener, Joel F., Haemophilus influenzae adrenal hermorrhage caused cause by, meningitis, corticosteroids , HAFR. HIV-associated fat redistribution Hagberg-Santavuori syndrome, ocular manifestations , Hageman factor, as kallikrein activator, Hair Addison disease, axillary, loss , hypopituitarism, growth Klinefelter syndrome, phases , pregnancy, hirsutism , hyperthyroidism, hypothyroidism, hertied disorders amino-acid metabolism, terminal androgen , development , Hair follicle(s), anagen, glucose metabolism , changes , durmg growth, Hair loss. Alopecia hemochromatosis, hypoparathyroidism, hypothyroidism, postpartum, pregrtum, pregnancy, Halazepam. Benzodiazepine(s) Halban, Philippe A., Hall Nicholas R.S., Hallermann-Streiff syndrome, ocular manifestation fo, Halline, Allan G., Hallucination(s) Bromocriptine-related endocrinopathy, Halogenated aromatic hydrocarbon compound(s) chemical structure , effects thyroid gland, toxic effects , haloperidol. Benzodiazeping(s) vasopressin secretion, Halotestin. Fluoxymesterone Halothane effects endocrine function values, toxic effects , HAM. Hypoparathyroidsm, adrenal insufficiency, mucocutaneous candidiasis, Hamartoblastoma(s), hypothalamic, Harmartoma(s) hypothalamic gonadotrapin-dependent precocious puberty , imaging , hypothalamic sellar region, nomenchlature , Hamburger thyrotoxicosis, differential diagnosis , Hammerhead sequence, ribozyme, Harmmerhead sequence, ribozyme, Harmmertoe, Hamster, Autoimmune endocrine disease modeled , Hand(s). Diabetic hand abnormalities , Albright hereditary osteodystrophy, Dupuytren contracture , symptoms , acromegaly, Hand-foot-utrus syndrome, Hand-Schuller-Christian disease, Haploid number, chromosomes, Hapten(s) Haptoglobin, inflammatory response, Harner Stephen, G., Harris-Benedict equation, Harrison groove(s), rickets, Hartnup disease ( syndrome), clinical findings , cutaneous manifestations , genetics , metabolic defect , organ-specific involvement , Hashimoto disease (thyroiditis), animal models , associated disorders, chest wall pain chronic fibrous, clinical features , differential diagnosis , etiology goiter , graves disease, differentiation , Graves disease with, Helicobacter pylori , histology , historical persective , HLA association, humoral immunity , hypothyroid, IFN-alpha , immune stigmata associate with, immunology , juvenile, laboratory assessment , lymphadenopathy , MEN1, mysasthenia gravis, nephritic syndrome, nonedocrien organ-specific disorders associated with, pathogenesis , pathology , pregnancy, prevalence , prognosis , rheumatic cimplications , seronegative signs symptoms , T cells , thyroid cancer, co-occurrence , prognosis , thyroid uptake , treatment , ultrasound , Hasimoto encephalopathy, Hasitoxicosis, differential diagnosis Hassall corpuscles, Hatle, Marianne, Hausmann, Michael J., Hay fever, exogenous estrogens , HbA. Hemoglobin, glycated HB-EGF. Heparin-binding epidermal growth factor HCB. Hexachlorobenzene HCC. Hepatocellular carcinoma hCG. Human chorionic gonatdotropin hCS. Chorionic somatomammotropin, human HDL. High-density lipoproteins Headache. Migraine(s) acromegaly, chiamsal syndromes, children, empty sella syndrome, injectable contraception , with nonfunctional pituitary adenoma, with pheochromocytoma, with pituitary adenomas, with space-occupying lesion sella or parasellar region, Head injury, hyperglycemia , prognostic significance , Head trauma, hypopituitarsm after, Hearing, endocrinopathy , Hearing loss. Deafness conductive, fluctuating hyperlipidemia, osteogenesis imperfecta, ostopetrois, Paget disease bone, 

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