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Under-Weight, Thinness & Less Body Muscles
 

The various causes for underweight, thinness & less body muscles are as follows:

Causes: These are as follows: -

 1)      Hormone Disorders: Before letting you know the various hormone disorder causing underweight, thinness & less body muscles, I like you to know about the male hormones & what are their role in development of muscles in male body.

Males have following male hormones namely testosterone, androstenidione, dehydrotestosterone & dehdroepiandrostenidione in the body. These male hormones are either produced from testis or adrenal glands. The testosterone is produced in testis by leydig cells. The secretion of testosterone is under control of L.H. & F.S.H. & Gonadotropin releasing hormones, Thyroid hormone & growth hormone. Additionally any significant & prolong diseases of other body organs also decreases the formation of various male hormones. After production from testis it circulates in blood. It binds with various tissues of the body as  with body muscles leading to enlargement of body muscle i. e. muscular body typical of men. Thus there are many factors which may either decrease the testosterone production in the body or decrease its effectiveness. To complicate the matter further there are certain condition in which even if every aspects of testosterone is normal, there may be less male hormone receptor.

 Hyperthyroidism
 Hypothalamic deficiency
 Pituitary Deficiency
 Untreated Endocrinopathies 
 Uncontrolled Dabetes Mellitus
 Glucorticoid Deficiency (Addison Disease)
 Hypopituitarism
 Pheochromocytoma     
 Growth Hormone Deficiency
 Addisons Disease
 Hypercalacemia

2) Decreased fat forming tendency of the body: In many patients all the hormone growth factor & every thing else is normal, still they are underweight.  This occurs due to Decreased capacity of their fat & muscle tissue to grow. This occurs due to defective protein & fat formation in the body so that its growing capacity decreases.

3) Infections

4) Malabsorption syndromes

5) Various Neoplasms of the body organs

6) Metabolic defect in the body so that there is less protein & muscle formation in the body

7) Chronic Naturopathic Cachexia

8) Chronic Caloric deprivation syndrome

9) Anorexia Nervosa

10) Bulimia

11) Deficiency of various neurotransmitters in the brain as Serotonin etc.

12) Disorders of appetite centers in the Hypothalamus of the brain so that patient has decreased appetite or food intake even when all the reports are normal

13) Increased Energy Loss

14) Obstructive gastrointestinal disease

15) Pernicious anemia

16) Inflammatory bowel disease

Investigation & Diagnosis: For diagnosis of cause of underweight thinness & less body muscles the various causes for underweight thinness & less body muscles are investigated. We take detail history, physical examinations to pinpoint various causes among the above list. After finding out the possibility of various causes some of the following tests may be required. These tests includes:

Complete male hormone profile: This profile includes all the male hormone tests which affects body muscular development growth & increase in weight.

Thyroid test,
Cortisol,
ACTH
Metabolic   tests are done
CBC, erythrocyte sedimentation rate,
Multiple chemical screen
Mammography
Serum protein electro-phoresis
Parathyroid hormone, human PTH-related peptide,
Angiotensin-converting enzyme, and 1, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D
Colonoscopy
Upper endoscopy
Short ACTH test
72-h stool for fat
Vitamin B
 

Other tests which may be required depending on likelihood of the any of above causes.

Treatment: Treatment of underweight thinness & less body muscles includes

1)      Cure of primary cause of underweight: Once we diagnose the cause for underweight thinness & less body muscles, then simply correcting that particular cause will lead to weight gain & muscular development.

2)      Hormone therapy: When we give below-mentioned male hormones by any of the below-mentioned routes. The concentration of these hormones in blood circulation rises. This leads to binding of more hormones on androgen receptors of muscles & fat cells. After binding with receptors these hormones leads to certain changes in the muscles & fat cells tissue. This leads to multiplication of muscles & fat cells tissue leading to further growth. This continued multiplication of muscles & fat cells tissue leads to further muscles & fat cells growth. This continued multiplication of muscles & fat cells tissue under the effect of above mentioned hormone treatment continues till muscles grows to normal& weight normalizes. Usually in one-year time muscles growth & weight normalizes. Unluckily most doctors have less knowledge about hormone treatment so that they neither investigate the patient nor give hormone or other medical therapy for muscle growth & weight gain.

The various preparation of testosterone & route of administration are: 

A)     Oral preparation that is available in capsule form. It needs to be given one to three capsules daily. These have no side effects. 

B) Transdermal Testosterone given as testosterone gel preparations. It need to be applied any part of skin once a day. It is very effective & has no side effects. 

C) Transdermal Testosterone scrotal patch are also available which are very effective even if used in small doses.It is very effective & has no side effects.

D)  Sublingual Testosterone cyclodextrin is now available which is very fast acting & very effective is fast & better weight gain & muscle development. It is used as one tablet daily to be kept under the tongue for few minutes. It has no side effect and it is very effective. 

E)  Injection Testosterone esters these includes Testosterone enanthate & testosterone cypionate given intramuscular injections every 10 to 14 days. It leads to fast weight gain & muscle development.

F)  Long acting testosterone as testosterone bucilate given once in 4 months.  It leads to fast weight gain & muscle development with least inconvenience to the patients. 

G)  Testosterones implants are now available which once injected remain effective for up to six months. 

3)      Fat & protein formation increasing drugs: There are many drugs when taken the fat & protein formation in the body increases without any side effects

4) Anabolic steroid drugs are those drugs, which are derived from male hormone & used for improving body muscles & weight. If they are given under supervision of hormone specialist they are safe.

5) Macronutrient Therapy: Supplementation of high biological value & high bio-available protein & other macronutrients which are essential for weight & muscle increase. 

6) Micronutrient Therapy: Supplementation of many micronutrients as zinc, Iron, selenium & other micronutrients which are essential for weight & muscle increase.
 
7) Essential Vitamin Therapy: Supplementation of many vitamins as vitamin-d, cynocobalamine & other essential vitamins which are essential for weight & muscle increase.

8) Growth Hormone therapy: Growth hormone treatment is given in many with good muscle & stamina increase

9) IGF-1 therapy is given in many with good muscle & stamina increase

10) Growth hormone stimulating Tablets treatment is given in many with good muscle & stamina increase

Side Effects: Above treatments has no side effect if given in proper disease and in patient’s when it is really indicated. This it is absolutely safe.

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