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psychogenic amenorrhea, periodic, hyposecretion , causes , immunoregulatory functions , lipoprotein metabolism, marijuana use , mean blood production rate , adrenal contribution , measurement , elderly, mechanism action , metabolic effects , metabolism, metabolism , 16alfa-hydroxylation , ta-hydroxylation , dialysis patients, excessive, liver disease , metabolites , urinary, measurement , mineralocorticoid activity , mineralocorticoid excess, negative feedback effects , HPA, obesity , parturition, plasma protein binding by, Cortisol (continued) plasma / serum level , Hypercortisolemia; Hypocortisolism adrenal insufficiency, adults, anorexia nervosa, asthmatic patient with hyperthyroidism, children, critical illness, acute versus chronic phase, Cushing disease, Cushing syndrome, depressed women, psychogenic amenorrhea, feasting, hypothalamic chronic anovulation, hypothyroidism, increased causes , depressed women, psychogenic amenorrhea,. exercise-associated amenorrhea, infancy childhood, measurement , with adrenal incidentaloma, interpretation , metyrapone , normal, normal values vs. women with PCOS or oophorectomy, pregnancy, regulation , renal failure, stress, postpartum period, protein binding by, PTH levels, reference values , resistance , , laboratory findings , primary, relative, secretion , age-related changes , autonomous, basal level , circadian rhythms , depressed women, psychogenic amenorrhea, critical illness, dopamine , , light-dark cycle , modulation by sleep circadian rhythmicity, periodic, pregnancy, regulation , rhythms , stress, substance P , thymus , starvation , structure , synthesis , inherited disorders . Congenital adrenal hyperplasia metyrapone , therapy with, adrenal insufficiency, stress , congenital adrenal hyperplasia, fertility, stress, tobacco use , urinary, elevated, exercise-associated amenorrhea, hypothalamic chronic anovulation, pregnancy, urinary free Cushing disease, Cushing syndrome, measurement , Cushing syndrome, interpretation , difficulties , normal values , test , Cortisol-binding globulin (CBG), plasma / serum level , pregnancy, Cortisol receptor(s) type 1, type 2, Cortisone. Glucocorticoid(s) absorption , equivalent glucocorticoid dose , glucocorticoid potency , half-life , metabolism , mineralocorticoid activity , replacement therapy with, structure , therapy with (Cortone acetate), actions , adverse effects side effects , dosage administration , indications , preparations , Cortisone acetate. Cortisone intramuscular absorption , bioavailability , Cortisone test expected response , method , special considerations / interpretation , substance measured , Cortistatin(s), biofunction(s) , amino acid sequence , rats, CST-29, rats, expression , somatostatin deficiency, Cortol, Cortolone, Cortone acetate. Cosyntropin orynebaacterium, acne , Corynebaacterium minutissimum, erythrasma caused by, diabetes, Cosentino, Francesco, osman, Felicia, Cosmid(s), contiguous DNA block (contig) map, Costimulation, definition , Costimulators, autoimmune disease, Cosynthesis, peptide, Cosyntropin (Cortrosyn), actions , adverse effects side effects , dosage administration , indications , preparations , Cosyntropin (Cortrosyn) stimulation test, with adrenal incidentaloma, adrenal insufficiency, assessment HPA function glucocorticoid-treated patients, Cosyntropin (Cortrosyn) test, critical illenss, low dose, pregnancy, Cotranslation, Cotton-wool spots, causes , diabeticretinopathy, Cough medication(s), iodine content , Counseling, with genetic diagnosis, Counterregulatory hormone(s). Cortisol; Epinephrine; Glucagon; Norepinephrine critical illness, IFN-yama , overproduction , diabetes secondary , plasma / serum level , fasting, Coupling hormone-receptor, receptor-effector, Coupling defect, Covalent modification, metabolic regulation , Cowden disease, thyroid cancer , Cow’s milk proteins, diabetes, Cox, Brain M., Coxsackie A9 virus, epididymoorchitis caused by, Coxsackie B virus epididymoorchitis caused by, hypothalamic-pituitary infection, pancreatitis, subacute thyroiditis, CPCT. Choline phosphate cytidyltransferase CPD syndrome, ocular involvement , C peptide (insulin), deficiency , degradation , climination half-life , hepatic extraction , immunoassay , plasma / serum level , diabetes, , fat redistribution syndrome, reference values , renal metabolism , C-19 progestins, endometriosis, C-21 progestins, endometriosis, CPT. Carnitine palmitoyltransferase Cranial irradiation, gonadotropin-dependent precocious puberty , Cranial nerve(s) computed tomographic anatomy , III (oculomotor), magnetic resonance imaging , palsy , causes , diabetes, IV (trochlear), pasly , causes , diabetes, palsy diabetes, with pituitary tumors, schwannoma , imaging , V (trigeminal) maxillary division , ophthalmic division , ophthalmic division , VI (abducens), palsy , causes , chiasmal syndromes, diabetes, VII, palsy , diabetes, Cranial neuropathy diabetes, radiosurgery meningioma , Craniocaudal axis, embryo, Craniocaudal groove, raniopharynegeal canal, Craniopharynegeal duct, Craniopharyngioma(s) adamantinomatous (adamantinous), histopathology , recurrence , adrenal insufficiency caused by, adults, surgery , age distribution , anatomic distribution , chiasmal syndrome caused by, children, clinical course , clinical features , cystic, imaging , intracavitary instillation radioisotopes , delayed puberty, diabetes insipidus caused by, differential diagnosis , epidemiology , estrogen receptors , hyperosmolar syndrome caused by, hypopituitarism with, imaging , incidence , local recurrence , mixed cystic solid, imaging , ocular manifestations , origin , papillary (squamous-papillary), epidemiology , pathology , pathogenesis , pediatric patients, surgery , pituitary abscess, pregnancy, prevalence , prognosis , radiation therapy , dosage administration , dose considerations , postoperative, radiosurgery , recurrence , radiation therapy , signs symptoms , solid, imaging , subtotal excision , surgery , morbidity mortality with, preoperative evaluation with,. radiation therapy, combined, results , transcranial approach , transsphenoidal approach , survival rate , total excision , morbidity mortality with, treatment , outcome , Craniotabes, Cravings, nutrient, endocrine brain , C-reactive protein critical illenss, hydrocortisone infusion , adrenal assessment, inflammatory response, Creatine, urinary, protein status , Creatine-height index, protein status ,. Creatine kinase BB, plasma / serum level acromegaly, hypophosphatemia, hypothyroidism, neuromuscular disorders, Creatine phosphokinase elevation , idism, plasma / serum level , hypothyroidism, serum level , thyroid function , Creatinine rement , plasma / serum level , measurement , patient with nephrolithiasis, reference values , nary measurement , patient with nephrolithiasis, neonates, CREB. cAMP response element-binding protein CREB-binding (CBP), Crede maneuver, Creeping thyroiditis, Cre-Lox technique, Creombinants, Crerecombinase-loxP system, conditional (developmental) interruption gene expression, Cretinism, cataract formation, cerebral effects , characteristic facies , cutaneous manifestations , definition , dental / orofacial abnormalities , endemic, historical perspective , myxedematous, ocular manifestations , radic, Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease genotype , growth hormone therapy , human growth hormone therapy , human pituitary gonadotropin , CRH. Corticotropin-realising hormone Criminal behaviour, Klinefelter yndrome, Crinone. Micronized progesterone gel Crinophagy, Critical illness. Stress acute phase metabolic ponse , neuroendocrine response , versus response prolonged illness, adrenal function , biochemical monitoring , biphasic neuroendocrine response , catecholamines , chronic phase , metabolic response , Cushing syndrome , definition , endocrine therapeutics , euthyroid sick syndrome , glucagon , gonadal axis , gonadotropins , growth hormone , growth hormone therapy , hypercortisolism , prognostic significance , hyperglycemia , hypoadrenalism , hypogonadotropic hypogonadism , cytokines , hypomagnesemia , hypophosphatemia , hypotension , hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis , biphasic response pattern , dysfunction , uitary-thyroid axis , immunologic response , immunomodulation , insulin , insulin , insulin-like growht factor-I , markers candidate, metabolic, mediators candidate, endocrine, metabolic response , ebb phase , flow phase , eral metabolities , neuroendocrine response , acute versus chronic phase, as beneficial adaptation versus dysfunction, biphasic, central, factors affecting, fuel lism, peripheral, stimuli , nutritional assessment , nutritional support , biochemical monitoring , oxygen free radicals , parathyroid hormone , pituitary , pressor support , prognosis , ionized calcium level , prolactin , prolonged, neuroendocrine response , versus response acute phase, protein administration , guidelines , protein catabolism , triiodothyronine therapy , renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system , severity , corrlation with plasma cortisol level, genitalsteroids , somatotropic axis , stress , systemic inflammation , terminal illness, comparison , testosterone levels , therapeutic considerations , thyroid axis , thyroid function parameters, vasodilation , vasopressin , vitamin D , wasting syndrome , androgen therapy , therapy , Critical period , brain development, Crix belly. HIV-associated fat redistribution Crk adapter proteins, IGF-I signaling pathway, Crohn disease (CD) atypical, clinical manifestations , confirmation diagnosis, prognosis , treatment , pregnancy , total parenteral nutrition, treatment , Cromolyn sodium effects endocrine function values, mast cell inhibition by, therapy with allergic rhinitis, mastocytosis, Crooke cells, CRO-related proteins, skiin, Crossing over, Cross talk, parathyroid hormone action, CRST syndrome (calcinosis, telangiectasia), ocular anifestations , Crude fiber, Cryptococcosis adrenal involvement , Cushing syndrome, adrenalitis caused by, central nervous system infection, hypercalcemia with, pancreatic involvement , thyroid involvement, raneoplastic ACTH syndrome, susceptibility , corticosteroids , thyroid abscess caused by, (INDEX - 2323) (INDEX -2324) Cryptrochidism, Testis / testes, undescended associated anomalies, causes , chromosomal anomalies , classfication , complications , definition , delayed puberty, diagnosis , effects fertility, embryology , history-taking , HLA association , hormonal therapy , hypogonadism, hypogonadotropic hypogonadism, hypospadias , incidence , infertility, laboratory findings with, malignant potential , physical findings , surgery , testicular endocrine function after, testicular atrophy with, testicular cancer, eatment , Cryptosporidium parvum, , pancreatic involvement , Crystalluria, with nephrolithiasis, Crystals Reinke, CSF. Cerebrospinal fluid; Colony-stimulating factor(s) CST. Cortistatin(s) CT. Computed tomography CT-1. Cardiotropin-1 CTAP. Connective tissue-activating peptide CT:CCP-I in:calcitonin carboxypeptide-I). Calcitonin, immature, conjoined with CCP-I peptide CTLA-4, secretion , islet transplant protection, CTNS gene, C-type natriuretic peptide. Natriuretic peptide(s), C-type Cumulative incidence, Cumulus adherens, Cumulus granulosa cells, expansion , Cunningham, Glenn R., Curare preparations, effects endocrine function values, Curettage amenorrhea after, dysfunctional, uterine bleeding, Curretab., Medroxyprogesterone acetate Cushing disease, Adreno-corticotropic hormone, hypersecretion ; Hyperadrenocorticism (Cushing disease, Cushing syndrome); Hypercortisolism ACTH secretion , adrenal cortex , adrenal surgery , anorexia nervosa , aseptic necrosis , cardiovascular disease risk , children, treatment , results , clinical manifestations , corticotrope hyperplasia , cortisol secretion , Crooke cells , cutaneous manifestations , definition , delayed puberty, dexamethasone suppression test , diagnosis , atypical confirmation , typical endocrine evaluation , growth failure , histopathology , hyperprolactinemia , imaging , infancy childhood, medical therapy , mental symptoms , ocular manifestations , osteopenia , otolaryngologic considerations , pathophysiology , petrosal sinus sampling , pituitary-dependent, pituitary lesions , detection , pituitary surgery , prognosis , prolactin secretion , radiation therapy , particle beam irradiation , stereotactic, radiosurgery , stereotactic, recurrence , after surgical treatment, delayed, serum osteocalcin levels , surgery , cure rate with, decision making , results , pediatric patients, treatment , Cushing syndrome, Adrenocorticotropic hormone, hypersecretion ; Hyperadrenocorticism (Cushing disease, Cushing syndrome); Hypercortisolism ACTH (corticotropin)-dependent, adrenal cortex , bilateral adrenal involvement , diagnosis , differential diagnosis , pathophysiology , pituitary. Cushing disease ACTH (corticotropin)-independent, adrenal cortex , bilateral adrenal involvement , causes , clinical manifestations , differential diagnosis , treatment , with ACTH-secreting gastrointestinal tumor, bone biposy , cardiovascular effects , cerebral effects , childhood osteopenia , chronic anovulation , classification , by etiology, clinical manifestations , critical illness, cutaneous manifestations , dental / orofacial abnormalities , diagnosis , confirmation , definitive, pregnancy, standard evaluation , differential diagnosis , CRH test , drug-induced, ectopic ACTH syndrome, clinical manifestations , elderly, endogenous, exogenous, hirsutism , hypertension , iatrogenic, alternate-day glucocorticoid therapy , , imaging , infancy childhood, diagnosis , infections , insulin resistance , laboratory findings , lipid tumors , localization cause , petrosal sinus sampling , medical therapy , neuromuscular manifestations , obesity , ocular manifestations , osteoporosis caused by, paraneoplastic syndromes, pathophysiology , pituitary-dependent differential diagnosis , plasma ACTH levels , pituitary-dependent differential diagnosis , plasma ACTH levels , pituitary-independent, differential diagnosis , plasma ACTH levels , Pneumocystic carinii prophylaxis , postprandial, pregnancy, diagnosis , fetal mortality rate with, treatment , prognosis , pseudo-Cushing syndrome, differentiation , radiosurgery , stereotactic, renal effects , respiratory effects , skiin , with somatostatinoma, surgical management , preoperative preparation patient , testicular failure, trace minerals, treatment , medical, pregnancy, triglyceride levels , Cutis verticis gyrata, CV 205-502. Quinagolide Cx37, oocyte growth, Cx43, 919 Cyanide, effects endocrine function values, Cyanide-nitroprousside test, amino-acid disorders, Cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP), bone resorption, cellular content , histamine , extracellular, formation , gene transcription, glycogenolysis, hCG synthesis, intracellular level , hormones affecting, mast cell activation, metabolism , mRNA degradation, nephrogenous as bioassay PTH, humoral hypercalcemia malignancy, parathyroid hormone secretion, plasma / serum level , thyroid function , reference values , renal calcium handling, renin release, as second messenger, (INDEX-2325) steroidogenesis, urinary hormones affecting, as indicator PTH action, measurement , parathyroid hormone , prmary hyperparathyroidism, Cyclic adenosine monophosphate / protein kinase A pathway, genitalsteroid-binding hormone , Cyclic edema, Cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) endothelium, intrarenal actions , natriuretic peptide recptor signaling, penile crection, platelets, renin release, as second messenger, somatostatin gene expression, Cyclin DI IGF-I signaling pathway, pathyroid adenomas, Cyclo(His-Pro), central nervous system effects , Cyclobenzaprine, effects endocrine function values, Cyclofem, Cyclooxygenase, activity , critical illness, arachidonic acid metabolism, COX-1, critical illness, arachidonic acid metabolism, COX-1, implantation, COX-2, inhibitors , pancreatic islets, epidermis, inhibition , by aspirin, production , vasoconstriction, Cyclopentylpropionate. Testosterone cypionate, Cyclophosphamide effects endocrine function values, Graves opthalmopathy, endocrinologic side effects , indications , male hypogonadism, male intertility, vasopressin secretion , Cyclopia, Cyclopropane, effects endocrine function values, Cyclo-Provera, Cyclos erine, effects endocrine function values, Cyclosporine adverse effects side effects , aldosterone synthesis, cancer treatment, endocrine effects , effects endocrine function values, hypoaldosteronism caused by, mechanism action , nephrotoxicity , pathogenesis , plus prednisone, Graves ophthalmopathy, renal magnesium loss, therapy with Graves ophthalmopathy, pancreas transplant recipient, prevention type 1 A diabetes, type 1A diabetes, Cycrin. Medroxyprogesterone acetate CYP. Cytochrome P450 Cyproheptadine hydrochloride (Periactin), actions , adverse effects side effects , dosage administration , effects endocrine function values, indications , pharmacology , preparations , therapy with ACTH hypersecretion, children, eating disorders, idiopathic hyperaldosteronism, Nelson syndrome, Cyproterone acetate, Antihistamines chemical structure , effects endocrine function values, gynecomastia, as male contraceptive, male pseudohermaphroditism, therapy with acne, breast cancer, hirsutism, McCune-Albright syndrome, precocious puberty, prostate cancer, after relapse, Cyst(s) arachnoid, bone, renal osteodystrophy, branchial cleft, corneal, causes , epidermal inclusion, MEN1, follicular, luteal, ovarian.; Ovarian cyst(s) Rathke cleft. Rathke cleft cyst(s) renal, paraneoplastic syndromes with, theca lutein, thyroglossal duct, imaging , signs symptoms , thyroid clinical management , differential diagnosis , ultrasound , Cystathionase deficiency, cutaneous manifestations , ocular effects , organ-specific involvement , Cystathioninuria, Cysteine, structue , Cysticercosis (Cysticercus) pituitary involvement by, thyroid, Cystic fibrosis diabetes secondary , glucose intolerance , infertility, plasma / serum levels pulmonary hormones, preimplantation diagnosis , uniparental inheritance , vasoactive intestinal peptide abnormality inl Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator, gene , Cystic hygroma, Cystine reference values , structure , Cystine knot, subunits glycoprotein hormones, Cystine screen, urinary, measurement , patient with nephorlithiasis, Cystine stones. Nephrolithiasis, cystine Cystinosis, benign (adult), late-onset, linkage analysis , nephropathic, ocular manifestations , ocular manifestations , organ-specific involvement , prenatal diagnosis , treatment , Cystinuria, organ-specific involvement , urine screening test , Cystitis, genital function, Cystosarcoma phylloides, Cystoscopy, nephrolithiasis, Cytadren. Aminoglutethimide Cytarabine, effects endocrine function values, Cytochrome oxidase, copper , Cytochrome P450, catalytic site , CYP1, CYP11, CYP11A (cholesterol desmolase), characteristics , deficiency , genetics , gene , mutations , steroidogenesis, CYP11B1 (11vita-hydroxylase), 11 Vita-Hydroxylase gene , mutations , CYP11B2 (aldosterone synthase), Aldosterone synthase gene (CYP11B2), mutations , CYP17 (17 alfa-hydroxylase / 17, 20-lyase), 17-alfa-Hydroxylase / 17, 20-lyase gene , mutations , male, pseudohermaphroditism, steroidogenesis, CYP19 (aromatase). Aromatase gene , mutations , mutations , delayed puberty, CYP 21 (21-hydroxylase), 21-Hydroxylase antibodies , gene CYP21P pseudogene, recombinations between, mutations , CYP24, CYP 27, CYP450 aldo. Cytochrome P450, CYP11B2 (aldosterone synthase) CYP 450c17, male pseudohermaphroditism, CYP450scc, Cytochrome P450, CYP11A antibodies , heme group , hepatic, inducers , endocrine side effects , , microsomal, mitochondrial, as mixed function oxidases, products, therapeutic potential , reductase, Cytogenetic map, Cytokeratin, thyroid, Cytokine(s), ACTH secretion, actions , administration , inflammatory effects , with alfa-helical structure, AIDS wasting syndrome, therapy directed at, amnionic fluid, angiogenic, antiangiogenic, antinflammatory, actions , administration , antiinflammatory effects , functions , production , antiviral, arachidonic acid metabolism, (INDEX-2326) Cytokine(s) (continued) autocrine effects , autoimmune hypothyroidism, autoimmune thyroiditis, bone metabolism, with vita-sheet structure, cell sources , cellular physiologic roles , central nervous system, chemotactic, clinical significance , critical illness, critical illness, chronic phase, C-type natriuretic peptide expression, definition , delection , effects growth development, embryologic growth differentiation, endocrine cell, endocrine effects , endocrine glands, endometriosis, eosinophils, feeding behaviour, functions , general features , glucocorticoids goiter, gonadal synthesis , Graves opthalmopathy, growth hormone secretion, chronic stress, growth modulatory, hematopoiesis, hemocrine effects , hormones, differences between, hurmoral hypercalcemia malignancy, hyperreninemic hypoaldosteronism ill patients, hypocalcemia, critical illness, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, hypothalamic-pituitary axis, hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis, immune functions , immune-mediated target cell damage, immunoregulatory, actions , cell sources , increased serum calcitonin precursors inflammation, infection, sepsis, inhibiotrs, AIDS wasting syndrome, islet transplant protection, leptin secretion, lipid metabolism abnormalities, , macrophage-derived, mast cell-derived, mechanism action , mimetics, therapeutic potential , with mutliple biologic responses, neonatal production , central nervous system effects , neuroimmunoendocrinology, neutralizing antibodies , overlapping actions , pancreas, paracrine effects , physicochemical characterisitcs , placental CRH output, plasma / serum level , models sepsis, pleiotropic, prevention cell death, production by blood cells, glucocorticoids , mast cells, by monocytes, regulation , by T cells, proinflammatory, actions , adipocytes, body protein erosion critical illness, cell sources , critical illness acute phase, acute versus chronic phase, chronic phase, gonadal effects , glucocorticoid resistance, hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis, , mast cell-derived, secretion , by adipose tissue, sepsis, prostaglandin production fetal membrances, PTHrP PGE., linkage among, pulmonary, pharmacologic / physiologic effects , reciprocal inhibition by, redundancy , sepsis, pathogenic role , skeletal effects , skiin, sleep-promoting properties , somatostatin release, sources sympathetic nervous system, systemic effects , with therapeutic applications, thermoregulation, three-dimensional structure , thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy, thyroid hormone modulation nonthyroidal illness, thyroid-stimulating hormone secretion, as transmembrane proteins, trophoblastic, trypanosomiasis, type 1 diabetes, urinary excretion , Cytokine antagonist(s), Graves ophthalmopathy, Cytokine class 1 receptor superfamily, Cytokine receptor(s), cytoplasmic domain , deletion , effects growth development, downregulation , endocrine organs, hydrophobic region , recognition domain , soluble, urinary excretion , Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection adrenalitis caused by adrenalitis caused by, central caused by, central nervous system involvement , hypercalcemia with, hypothalamic-pituitary involvement , pancreatic involvement , pituitary involvement , testicular involvement , pituitary involvement , subacute thyroiditis, susceptibility , corticosteroids , Cytomel. Liothyronine sodium Cytopenia, immune-mediated, corticosteroids , Cytoplasm, secretory cell, Cytoplasmic retinoic-acid-binding protein(s), type 1 (CRABP-1) HIV-associated fat redistribution, Cytosine arabinoside, male infertility, Cytoskeleton, preimplantation embryo, Cytotoxicity, definition , Cytotoxic therapy, hyperphosphatemia with, Cytotrophoblast, travillous, villous, D 1,25 (OH)2 D. 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3) 1,25 (OH)2 D. 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3) 2,4-D, toxic effects , 24,25 (OH)2 D.. 24,25-Dihydroxycholecalciferol 25(OH)D. 25-Hydroxyvitamin D 25(OH) D3. 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Dacarbazine effects endocrine function values, therapy with , endocrinologic side effects , insulinomas, Dactinomycin effects endocrine function values, testicular tumors, DAG.
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