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Diabetes patients may get following complications:
Infections: as fungus, bacterial infection, itching on genitals
High Cholesterol and Triglyceride: Diabetic Ketoacidosis: high blood sugar with positive urine ketones Diabetic Coma: Uncontrolled high blood sugar leading to coma. Low blood sugar (Hypoglycemia) due to drugs or insulin :Hypoglycemia is called when blood sugar becomes below normal. In hypoglycemia patient has recurrent symptom of weakness, anxiety, confusion, cold feeling, headache, vomiting.
How to avoid Severe Hypoglycemia In Diabetes: 2) Late Complications of Diabetes: (1) Heart Complications Heart Complications The various complications affecting the heart are: a)
Angina: decreased blood to heart leading to chest pain on exertion. Symptoms suggestive of heart involvement are chest pain, breathlessness on walking, dyspnoea on climbing stairs, swelling over feet & face, weakness etc. How to Prevent Heart Problem Decreased Blood Supply to Legs Decreased Blood Supply to Legs: Due to uncontrolled blood sugar for longtime the blood flow to leg may decrease due to narrowing of the lumen of blood vessels. Symptoms of diminished circulation of blood to lower limb are: : Pain in leg on
walking (Claudication) Eye Complications of Diabetes Eye Complications of Diabetes are: (1) Temporary diminution of Vision: due to swelling of the lens of eye due to high blood sugar. Thus the focal power of eye changes resulting in temporary diminution of vision. Normally vision returns to normal in four weeks once diabetes is controlled. (2) Retinopathy: Prolong uncontrolled diabetes damages the retina of the eye resulting in blurring of vision & diminution of vision. Sometimes sudden loss of vision may occur due to bleeding in the eye, retinal detachment or due to maculopathy, or due to central retinal vein occlusion. (3) Cataract: develops early, progresses rapidly (4) Glaucoma: pressure in eye increases leading to eye pain due to increased eye pressure. Nerves Complications (Neuropathy) Nerve complication i.e. Neuropathy :- Diabetes affects the various nerves of the body if remains uncontrolled for long time. The symptoms suggestive of nerve involvement i.e. neuropathies are: Effects on
nerves of leg& hand leads to burning pain, pins & needle feeling
in leg, hand, feet may become numb, dry, excessive cold feeling in feet.
Sometime this may cause excessive sweating of face & upper chest
during eating or in hot weather. This problem can be treated with various
neurotropic drugs & membrane stabilizers. Involvement of
motor nerves leads to difficulty in walking & standing from sitting
posture & gradual thining of hand & feet..
Involvement
eye nerves as IIIrd Nerve (leads in difficulty in opening eye) &
facial nerve palsy (bells palsy) is possible. These can be cured by
treatment in 2 months time. Involvement
of nerves of stomach leads to nausea feeling, feeling of fullness in
abdomen, recurrent vomiting. Involvement of nerves of intestine leads
to chronic constipation & recurrent diarrohea. For diarrhea we do
certain tests then it can be managed in three months time. In some cases
patient loses control on defecation & he passes urine & stool
anytime. Sometime involvement of nerves or upper hand can leads to carpal
tunnel syndrome, symptoms of which are pain & burning pins &
needle sensation in hand. Kidney involvement (Nephropathy) The symptoms of kidney involvement are swelling over feet, face, and decreased urine output, presence of microalumin & protein in urine, rise in blood pressure. In advanced cases of kidney involvement blood urea & serum Creatinine increases. This result in loss of appetite, nausea & vomiting, anemia, weakness, breathlessness. Treatment of Diabetic Kidney involvement
Diet Low proteins (milk, milk product, egg, non-vegetarian
food.) Skiin Complications Skiin complication may be as follows:
- Fungal : Tinea
on Leg / body / between fingers
Foot Complications The foot of diabetic patient is at risk of getting more frequent trauma due to involvement of foot nerves. The skiin of the foot may also be dry with decreased blood circulation. All this & below mentioned high risk factors make the feet more susceptible to infections. Once the foot infection occurs it is difficult to heal due to less blood supply. Thus sequence of events are like this How Foot Ulcers & Infections occurs: Feet of diabetics are more at risk of ulcer or infections because
(i)
Feet are numb. All above factors leads to ulcer or infection in feet. These do not heal easily & get infected. These ulcer & infection keep on increasing & spreading even it may lead to Gangrene of part of foot. Sometime amputation of finger or leg may also be needed. High Risk Foot Foot Care Do following to keep your feet healthy:
Wash feet twice a day then dry feet especially between toes. Dont do following things : G.I.T. System / Abdominal Complications Complications involving nerves of stomach, intestines leads to either of constipation, fullness of abdomen after food, nausea, vomiting & sometimes recurrent diarrohea. Urinary System Complications Involvement of nerves of urinary system leads to increased frequency of urinations, burning in urine, recurrent urinary tract infections. There remains excess of urine in urinary bladder even after passing urine. Bone & Joint Complications Bone Complications
Joint Complications
Tooth & Gum Complications
Complications Treatment & Prevention There are many drugs that have been developed which if started at right time more than 90% complications of diabetes can be prevented. For detail consult our doctors. Foot
Complication : Non healing ulcer in foot may occur due to nerve
involvement & decreased blood Kidney
Involvement i.e. Diabetic nephropathy : Eye
Complication of diabetes is called retinopathy, symptoms of which are
decreased vision & development of cataract at early age. For its
diagnosis flourecin angiography done & treatment is some drugs &
if required laser photocoagulation. By some latest drugs prevention of eye
complications is now possible. By laser therapy further progression is
stopped. Decreased
blood supply to leg leads to pain in leg on walking. Sometime pain is
very severe at night due to this any wound in feet may not heal easily.
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